Campylobacter prevalence from food, animals, human and environmental samples in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ansarifar, Elham; Riahi, Seyed Mohamad; Tasara, Taurai; Sadighara, Parisa; Zeinali, Tayebeh

doi:10.1186/s12866-023-02879-w

Table 1 Characteristics of the included study

From: Campylobacter prevalence from food, animals, human and environmental samples in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author	Publication year	Study years	Province	Diagnosis method	Sample source	Sample type	Sample size	Campylobacter (C. jejuni- C. coli-both)	Sample group	Place of sampling	Quality score	Reference
Abbasi, E. et al	2019	2015	Markazi	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	230	76 (76–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[8]
Abdi-Hachesoo, B. etal	2014	2009	Fars	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	100	83 (43–40-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[9]
Abdollahpour, N. et al	2015	2013	Razavi khorasan	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	200	35 (35–0-0)	Feces	Children playground	10	[10]
Akramzadeh, N. et al	2020	2018	Tehran	Culture	Food	Mechanically deboned Chicken	50	20 (0–0-0)	Meat	Farm	10	[11]
Alborzi, A. et al	2008	2003	Fars	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	243	5 (5–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[12]
Ansari-Lari, M. et al	2011	2009	Fars	Culture + PCR	Animal	Cecal content	100	76 (22–32-22)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[2]
Azizian, K. et al	2019	2015–2016	Kurdistan	Culture + PCR	Animal	Cecal content	200	67 (57–10-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[13]
Divsalar, N. et al	2019	2016–2017	Mazandaran	Culture + PCR	Animal, Food, Human	Feces, Chicken, Red meat, Diarrhea	100	100 (100–0-0)	Feces, Meat	Slaughterhouse, Market, Hospital	6	[14]
Haghi, F. et al	2015	2014	Zanjan	PCR	Food	Raw milk	60	0	Product	Farm	10	[15]
Hamidian, M. et al	2011	2008–2009	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	562	49 (34–12-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[16]
Hassanzadeh, P. & Motamedifar, M	2007	2004	Fars	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	114	11 (11–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[17]
Hoseinpour, F. et al	2017	2016	Kermanshah	PCR	Animal	Cecal content	100	55 (7–29-16)	Feces	Market	10	[18]
Jafari, F. et al	2009	2003–2005	Tehran	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	1087	60 (0–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[6]
Jafari, F. et al	2008	2004–2005	Tehran	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	808	20 (0–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[19]
Jahromi, R. et al	2019	2017	Fars	Culture + PCR	Food	Poultry carcass	328	223 (116–65-29)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[20]
Jamshidi, A. et al	2008	2005	Razavi khorasan	Culture + PCR	Food	Poultry carcass	100	28 (0–0-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[21]
Jonaidi-Jafari, N. et al	2016	2014–2015	Isfahan	Culture + PCR	Food	Eggshell & Egg content	440	34 (28–6-0)	Product	Market	10	[22]
Khoshbakht, R. et al	2016	2011–2013	Shiraz	Culture + PCR	Animal	Feces	302	205 (26–6-161)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[23]
Khoshbakht, R. et al	2013	2011–2012	Shiraz	Culture + PCR	Animal	Feces	100	90 (48–42-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[24]
Mahmoodipour, H. et al	2017	2016	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Animal	Feces	392	50 (36–14-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[25]
Maktabi, S. et al	2019	2016	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken- Red meat	380	32 (26–6-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse, Market	10	[26]
Malekian, M. et al	2021	2020	Isfahan	Gram stain	Environment	Feces	150	72 (-)	Feces	Landfill	9	[27]
Soltan Dallal, M.M. et al	2010	2006–2007	Tehran	Culture	Food	Chicken-Red meat	379	109 (83–26-0)	Meat	Market	10	[28]
Sharifi, S. et al	2021	2019–2020	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	283	20 (18–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[29]
Nassiri, D. et al	2016	2014	West Azerbaijan	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken- Organ meat	552	208 (188–20-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[30]
Nouri, S. et al	2020	2018	East Azerbaijan	Culture + PCR	Food	Organ meat	100	43 (31–12-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[31]
Bakhshi, B. et al	2016	2012	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	70	39 (0–39-0)	Meat	Market	10	[32]
Sarhangi, M. et al	2021	2018	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	280	23 (20–3-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[33]
Rahimi, E. et al	2017	2014–2015	Isfahan	Culture + PCR	Animal	Feces	400	28 (22–6-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[34]
Rahimi, R. & Ameri, M	2011	2009–2010	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food	White meat	494	225 (205–20-0)	Meat	Market	10	[35]
Rahimi, E. et al	2010	2008–2009	Isfahan- Yazd	Culture	Food	Red meat	722	50 (42–8-0)	Meat	Market	10	[36]
Rahimi, E. et al	2010	2009–2010	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Food	White & Red meat	205	60 (53–7-0)	Meat	Market	10	[37]
Rahimi, E. et al	2010	2007–2008	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Food	Poultry carcass	336	213 (190–23-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[38]
Rahimi, E. et al	2010	2007	Isfahan	PCR	Food	Poultry carcass	348	216 (175–41-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[39]
Rahimi, E. & Tajbakhsh, E	2008	2006–2008	Isfahan	Culture	Food	White meat	800	377 (288–89-0)	Meat	Market	10	[4]
Razei, A. et al	2017	2014	Tehran	PCR	Food	Milk	30	1 (1–0-0)	Product	Market	10	[40]
Ghasemian Safaei, H. et al	2011	2008	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture	Food	Egg	100	0	Product	Market	10	[41]
Salari, S. et al	2020	2017	Sistan va Baluchistan	PCR	Environment	Feces	100	0	Feces	Landfill	10	[42]
Torkan, S. et al	2018	2015–2016	Isfahn & Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	100	19 (2–1-0)	Feces	Pet clinic	7	[43]
Shafiei, A. et al	2020	2018–2019	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food & Animal	Meat, liver, kidney, heart and contents of rectum	1800	126 (66–60-0)	Meat, Feces	Slaughterhouse	9	[44]
Ghane, M. et al	2011	2010	Fars	Culture	Animal,Environment	Feces	160	32 (16–9-0)	Feces	Environment	9	[45]
Ghorbanalizadgan, M. et al	2019	2018	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	750	33 (31–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[46]
Atefi Tabar, E. et al	2019	2017	Semnan	Culture + PCR	Animal	Feces	190	124 (60–0-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	8	[47]
Zendehbad, B. et al	2013	2012	Razavi khorasan	Culture + PCR	Food	White Meat	300	149 (127–27-0)	Meat	Market	10	[48]
Zendehbad, B. et al	2015	2013	Razavi khorasan	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	360	227 (200–27-0)	Meat	Market	10	[49]
Amanpour, Z. et al	2021	2018	Ilam	PCR	Human	Diarrhea	103	11 (11–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[50]
Shahrokhabadi, R. et al	2013	2011–2012	Kerman	Culture + PCR	Food	Red meat	148	17 (14–3-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[51]
Azizian, K. et al	2018	2015–2016	Kurdistan	Culture + PCR	Animal	Cecal content	200	67 (57–10-0)	Feces	Farm	10	[13]
Abbasi, E. et al	2019	2015	Markazi	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	200	5 (0–5-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[52]
Ashrafganjooyi, S.B. & Saeide Adlei, N	2016	2008–2010	Kerman	Culture	Animal	Cecal content	600	190 (190–0-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[53]
Dabiri, A. et al	2016	2012	Mazandaran	Culture + PCR	Food	Raw milk	72	12 (10-..-0)	Product	Collection center	10	[54]
Babaienajadbasiri, F. et al	2016	2014–2015	Alborz	Culture	Animal	Feces	150	98 (78–20-0)	Feces	Farm	10	[55]
Bagherpour, A. et al	2014	20,112,013	Khuzestan	Culture	Food	Chicken and Organ Meat	400	264 (239–25-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[56]
Barati, M. et al	2021	2015–2017	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	283	42 (40–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[57]
Berizi, E. et al	2017	2009	Fars	Culture + PCR	Animal	Cecal content	300	180 (60–75-45)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[58]
Aminshahidi, M. et al	2017	2014–2015	Fars	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	269	7 (7–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[59]
Ebrahimi Lagha,F. et al	2015	2013	West Azerbaijan	Culture + PCR	Food	Organ meat	80	50 (20–20-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[60]
Ehsannejad, F. et al	2015	2013	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	660	20 (16–4-0)	Feces	Pet clinic	10	[61]
Fani, F. et al	2019	2016	Fars	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	90	26 (24–2-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[62]
Jazayeri Moghadas, A. et al	2008	2007	Semnan	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	276	27 (27–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[63]
Feizabadi, M.M. et al	2007	2004–2005	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	500	35 (30–5-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[64]
Ghane, M. et al	2011	2010	Fars	Culture	Animal	Feces	260	65 (27–18-0)	Feces	Farm	10	[65]
Ghane, M. et al	2010	2009	Mazandaran and Gilan	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces, Water, Sewage	235	64 (21–13-0)	Feces, Environment	Farm, River, Sewage	10	[66]
Ghane, M. et al	2012	2011	Mazandaran and Gilan	Culture + PCR	Environment	Water	263	7 (7–0-0)	Environment	Caspian sea	10	[67]
Ghorbanalizadgan, M. et al	2014	2012–2013	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	200	12 (10–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[68]
Hamidian, M. et al	2011	2007–2008	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Food, Human	Red meat, Chicken, Diarrhea	798	149 (99–33-0)	Meat, Feces	Market, Hospital	10	[69]
Harzandi, N. et al	2015	2009	Alborz	PCR	Human	Diarrhea	160	18 [4–2-3)	Feces	Hospital	9	[70]
Hosseinzadeh, S. et al	2015	2011	West Azerbaijan	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken wings	96	0	Meat	Market	10	[71]
Irajian, Gh.R. et al	2008	2007	Semnan	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	306	38 (38–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[72]
Irannejhad,A. et al	2015	2014	Isfahan	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	160	102 (92–10-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[73]
Jamali, H. et al	2015	2008–2010	Tehran	Culture	Animal	Cecal content	471	161 (138–23-0)	Feces	Market	10	[74]
Kafshdouzan, K. et al	2019	2015	Mazandaran	PCR	Animal	Cecal content	75	13 (11–2-0)	Feces	Urban	10	[75]
Kalantar, M. et al	2017	2012	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	70	39 (0–39-0)	Meat	Market	10	[76]
Kazemeini, H. et al	2011	2008–2009	Isfahan	Culture	Food	Raw milk	120	3 (3–0-0)	Product	Farm	10	[77]
Khalili, M. & Mansouri, L	2009	2007	Kerman	Culture + PCR	Animal	Cecal content	90	3 (3–0-0)	Feces	Farm	10	[78]
Khanzadi, S. et al	2010	2009	Razavi khorasan	Culture + PCR	Food	Raw milk	200	31 (16-..-0)	Product	Bulk Tank	10	[79]
Khoshbakht, R. et al	2015	2012	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	63	33 (17–3-0)	Feces	Wildlife refuge	10	[80]
Khosravi, A.D. et al	2011	2007–2008	Khuzestan	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	220	14 (9–5-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[81]
Mahzouniyeh, M. et al	2013	2012	Tehran	PCR	Environment	Feces	100	39 (2–0-0)	Feces	Pet clinic	10	[82]
Modirrousta, Sh. et al	2016	2013	Zanjan	Culture	Food	Red Meat, Chicken, Eggshell	330	92 (55–29-0)	Meat, Product	Market, Farm	9	[83]
mohammadzadeh, A. et al	2012	2011	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	PCR	Environment	Feces	60	18 (5–0-0)	Feces	Pet clinic	10	[84]
Mokhtarian, Dalouei H. et al	2009	2008	Razavi khorasan	Culture	Food	Poultry carcass	100	31 (19–12-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[85]
Mosallanejad, B. et al	2020	2017–2018	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	101	37 (4–7-2)	Feces	Pet clinic	10	[86]
Negahdari, B. et al	2016	2010	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	117	35 (27–8-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[87]
Rahimi, E. & Torkey Baghbadorani, Z	2009	2006–2008	Isfahan	Culture	Food	Organ meat (Poultry Liver)	205	101 (85–16-0)	Meat	Market	10	[88]
Rahimi,E. et al	2013	2011	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken & Red meat & White Meat	917	213 (193–20-0)	Meat	Market	10	[89]
Rahimi,E. et al	2008	2006–2007	Isfahan	Culture	Food	Red meat	183	0	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[90]
Rahimi, M.K. et al	2009	2007–2009	Tehran	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	90	7 (7–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[91]
Rahimi,E. et al	2011	2009–2010	Gilan	Culture + PCR	Food	White Meat	159	52 (46–6-0)	Meat	Market	10	[92]
Rahimi,E. et al	2013	2009–2010	Isfahan- Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food	Red meat	379	31 (24–7-0)	Meat	Market	10	[93]
Rahimi, E. & Esfahani, M.H	2010	2009–2010	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari & Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken	350	197 (183–14-0)	Meat	Market	10	[94]
Rahimi, E	2013	2010–2011	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken & Organ meat	480	331 (301–30-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[95]
Rashed, T. et al	1994	1993–1994	Razavi khorasan	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	903	19 (19–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[96]
Ranjbar, R. Babazadeh, D	2017	2016	West Azerbaijan	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	1010	0	Feces	Hospital	10	[97]
Roshanjo, K. et al	2019	2014	Gilan	PCR	Environment	Water	45	7 (7–0-0)	Environment	River	10	[98]
Jahromi, R. et al	2021	2019	Khuzestan	Culture + PCR	Food	Poultry carcass	370	203 (130–73-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[99]
Saadatmand. A. et al	2017	2016	Hamadan	Culture	Food	Organ meat	80	72 (53–19-0)	Meat	Market	10	[100]
Sabzmeydani, A. et al	2020	2018–2019	Mazandaran	Culture + PCR	Food	Poultry Eggshell	450	84 (45–3-0)	Product	Market	10	[101]
Sadeghi, A. et al	2020	2019–2020	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	400	28 (24–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[102]
Salehi, M. et al	2014	2011–2013	Sistan va Baluchistan	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	164	19 (19–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[103]
Shahrokhabadi, R. et al	2011	2010	Kerman	Culture + PCR	Food	Chicken & Organ meat	100	31 (19–12-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[104]
Shakerian, A	2016	2014	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Food	Vegetable	100	15 (2–13-0)	Environment	Market	10	[105]
Shakerian, A. et al	2011	2006–2008	Isfahan	Culture	Food	Red meat	150	17 (13–4-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	10	[106]
Shams, S. et al	2017	2012–2014	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	750	35 (33–2-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[107]
Shirazi, M.H. et al	2013	2011	Tehran	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	117	9 (9–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[108]
Soltan Dallal, M.M. et al	2016	2015	Tehran	Culture	Human	Diarrhea	305	3 (0–3-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[109]
Taremi, M. et al	2006	2004	Tehran	Culture	Food	Red Meat & Chicken	241	88 (0–0-0)	Meat	Market	10	[110]
Tavakoli vaseksi, A. et al	2012	2010–2011	Mazandaran	Culture + PCR	Food	Raw milk	552	47 (36–11-0)	Product	Collection center	10	[111]
Zamani moghadam, A. et al	2011	2010–2011	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	150	1 (1–0-0)	Feces	Environment	10	[112]
Zamani moghadam, A. et al	2012	2011	Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari	Culture + PCR	Environment	Feces	120	2	Feces	Environment	10	[113]
Ziaei, N. et al	2008	2005–2006	Golestan	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	455	3 (3–0-0)	Feces	Hospital	10	[114]
Azimirad, M. et al	2021	2019	Tehran	Culture + PCR	Food	Vegetable	366	76 (24–52-0)	Environment	Market	10	[115]
Rastyani, S. et al	2015	2013–2014	Hamadan	Culture + PCR	Human	Diarrhea	120	9 (6–3-0)	Feces	Hospital	9	[3]
Raeisi, M. et al	2017	2014–2015	Mazandaran and Golestan	Culture + PCR	Food	Raw milk, Chicken, White Meat, Red meat	590	141 (79–41-0)	Product, Meat	Bulk tank, Market, Slaughterhouse	10	[5]
Rahimi, E. et al	2010	2007–2008	Isfahan	Culture	Food	Red meat	94	5 (1–4-0)	Meat	Slaughterhouse	9	[116]
Basirisalehi, M. et al	2007	2006	Fars	Culture	Animal	Feces	120	37 (15–10-0)	Feces	Farm	8	[117]
Basirisalehi, M. et al	2007	2006	Fars & Bushehr	Culture	Animal	Feces	455	85 (24–13-0)	Feces	Farm	10	[118]
Dabiri, H. et al	2014	2011–2012	Tehran	Culture	Food	Red Meat, Chicken	450	121 (93–28-0)	Meat	Market	10	[119]
Mirzaie, S. et al	2011	2010	Tehran	Culture	Animal	Cecal content	125	52 (19–33-0)	Feces	Slaughterhouse	10	[120]

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