Fig. 3
Heat-killed GMNL-653 increases the mRNA expressions of growth factors in HaCaT keratinocytes. Human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells were seeded in 6-well-plate as a cell density of 3 × 105 cells/well and cultured with serum free medium after attachment for 24 h. Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of heat-killed GMNL-653 for further 24 h. The mRNA expressions of IGF-1R (A), VEGF (B), and IGF-1 (C) were determined by qRT-PCR. Data were presented as the relative fold changes (mean ± SEM) in compared to non-GMNL-653 treatment control (Ctrl) after normalization with the house-keeping of β-actin. *p < 0.05