Fig. 4

Visualisation of cellulose in Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 biofilms with IMT-CBD-mC using CLSM. (A) Calcofluor white staining of coverslip biofilms of A. tumefaciens C58 raised in TSB medium. The bar indicates a length of 10 µm scale. (B) Purified IMT-CBD-mC was used to stain coverslip biofilms of A. tumefaciens C58 grown in a TSB medium. A 2-dimensional scan of the biofilm reveals staining of bacterial cellulose by IMT-CBD-mC. The top panel is at 40 × magnification (bar-200 µm), while the middle panel is at 100 × magnification (bar100 µm). 3-dimensional reconstruction for the biofilm stack (lowest panel) shows the structural morphology of the biofilm along with visualization of cellulose (red) vis-à-vis bacterial cells (DIC). (C) A. tumefaciens C58 cells in the microfluidic chamber were stained with IMT-CBD-mC and visualized using CLSM. The left panel is the merge, the middle panel IMT-CBD-mC, and the right panel is the (DIC) image. The bar indicates a length of 10 µm scale. Images are representative of three independent experiments