Fig. 5

Expression of uidA gene (coding for β-glucuronidase) normalized by the expression of cysG reference gene when E. coli was spiked with; a) L. acidophilus, b) L. plantarum, c) L. rhamnosus, d) mixture of three Lactobucillus sp. Each experiment was done either using probiotics cells pellets or probiotics raw metabolites in cell-free supernatant adjusted at pH 5 or pH 7. Ns (non-significant) at p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001