Table 3 Differentially abundant KEGG pathways between GBS-positive and GBS-negative bacterial communities during the third trimester of pregnancy in Egypt

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (Thiamine metabolism, Riboflavin metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, folate biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid biosynthesis).

Lipid metabolism (biosynthesis of fatty acid, primary bile acid, secondary bile acid, and unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids).

Signal transduction (phosphatidylinositol signaling system).

Nucleotide metabolism (purine and pyrimidine metabolism).

Peroxisome.

Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (benzoate and aminobenzoate degradation).

Host immune system pathways (hematopoietic cell lineage).

Genetic information processing pathways (translation, replication, and repair).

Host endocrine system (adipocytokine signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway).

Human diseases (Staphylococcus aureus infection).

Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis

Lysine biosynthesis, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism, cynoamino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, pentose, and glucuronate interconversions

Metabolism of fructose and mannose, galactose, starch and sucrose, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, pyruvate, propanoate, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis

Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis

Glycan degradation

Biosynthesis of ansamycins, novobiocin, tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid.

Tetracycline biosynthesis.

ABC transporters and bacterial secretion systems

Phosphotransferase system (PTS)

Oxidative phosphorylation and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.

Methane metabolism and carbon fixation in prokaryotes.