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Table 1 In vitro susceptibilities of Gram-negative isolates obtained from the ATLAS program, 2018

From: In vitro activity of ceftaroline, ceftazidime-avibactam, and comparators against Gram-positive and -negative organisms in China: the 2018 results from the ATLAS program

Organism/Antibiotic

MIC50

mg/L

MIC90

mg/L

MIC Range

mg/L

†

% Susceptible

% Intermediate

% Resistant

Escherichia coli (n = 403)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

0.03->8

29.8

1.2

69.0

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.12/4

0.5/4

≤ 0.015/4->64/4

95.8

0

4.2

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

8/4

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

62.0

20.4

17.6

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

≤ 1->16

10.2

0.2

89.6

Ampicillin-sulbactam

32/16

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

23.1

25.3

51.6

Cefepime

8

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

36.0

14.1

49.9

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

4/4

32/32

≤ 0.06/0.06 - >64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

4

128

0.12->128

54.3

9.4

36.2

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

23.6

7.7

68.7

Colistin

0.5

1

≤ 0.06->8

NA

96.8

3.2

Imipenem

0.12

0.5

≤ 0.06->8

93.0

1.0

6.0

Levofloxacin

8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

30.5

4.0

65.5

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

0.12

≤ 0.06->16

92.8

0

7.2

Piperacillin-tazobactam

2/4

> 64/4

0.25/4->64/4

85.4

3.0

11.7

Tigecycline

0.25

1

0.06->8

99.3

0.2

0.5

IMP-REscherichia coli (n = 24)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

> 8->8

0

0

100

Ceftazidime-avibactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

≤ 0.015->64/4

33.3

0

66.7

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

4/2->16/8

4.2

0

95.8

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

> 16->16

0

0

100

Ampicillin-sulbactam

> 64/32

> 64/32

32/16->64/32

0

0

100

Cefepime

> 32

> 32

32->32

0

0

100

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

> 64/64

> 64/64

16/16->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

> 128

> 128

16->128

0

0

100

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

0.25->4

4.2

0

95.8

Colistin

1

2

0.25-8

NA

91.7

8.3

Imipenem

> 8

> 8

4->8

0

0

100

Levofloxacin

> 8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

4.2

4.2

91.7

Meropenem

> 16

> 16

8->16

0

0

100

Piperacillin-tazobactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

8/4->64/4

4.2

0

95.8

Tigecycline

0.5

1

0.12-8

95.8

0

4.2

IMP-SEscherichia coli (n = 375)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

0.03->8

31.7

1.3

66.9

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.12/4

0.25/4

≤ 0.015/4–4/4

100

0

0

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

8/4

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

66.1

21.9

12.0

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

≤ 1->16

10.9

0.3

88.8

Ampicillin-sulbactam

16/8

64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

24.5

27.2

48.3

Cefepime

8

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

38.4

14.7

46.9

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

4/4

32/32

≤ 0.06/0.06->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

4

64

0.12->128

57.9

9.9

32.3

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

25.1

8

66.9

Colistin

0.5

1

≤ 0.06->8

NA

97.6

2.4

Imipenem

0.12

0.25

≤ 0.06-1

100

0

0

Levofloxacin

8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

32.5

4

63.5

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

≤ 0.06

≤ 0.06->16

99.2

0

0.8

Piperacillin-tazobactam

2/4

16/4

0.25/4->64/4

90.4

3.2

6.4

Tigecycline

0.25

1

0.06-4

99.7

0.3

0

Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 217)

      

Ceftaroline

1

> 8

0.03->8

47.9

2.3

49.8

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.25/4

2/4

0.06/4->64/4

97.7

0

2.3

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

8/4

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

53.9

6.0

40.1

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

16->16

0

0.9

99.1

Ampicillin-sulbactam

16/8

> 64/32

2/1->64/32

42.9

9.2

47.9

Cefepime

0.25

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

53.0

1.8

45.2

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

2/2

> 64/64

≤ 0.06/0.06->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

1

> 128

0.06->128

56.7

1.8

41.5

Ciprofloxacin

0.5

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

44.7

7.4

47.9

Colistin

1

2

0.5->8

NA

94.5

5.5

Imipenem

0.25

> 8

≤ 0.06->8

67.3

0

32.7

Levofloxacin

0.5

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

50.2

5.5

44.2

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

> 16

≤ 0.06->16

67.7

0

32.3

Piperacillin-tazobactam

4/4

> 64/4

0.5/4->64/4

62.7

1.8

35.5

Tigecycline

0.5

2

0.12->8

95.4

3.2

1.4

IMP-RKlebsiella pneumoniae (n = 71)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

> 8->8

0

0

100

Ceftazidime-avibactam

2/4

4/4

0.25/4->64/4

93.0

0

7.0

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

2/1->16/8

1.4

0

98.6

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

> 16->16

0

0

100

Ampicillin-sulbactam

> 64/32

> 64/32

8/4->64/32

1.4

0

98.6

Cefepime

> 32

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

1.4

2.8

95.8

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

> 64/64

> 64/64

4/4->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

> 128

> 128

2->128

2.8

0

97.2

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

4.2

1.4

94.4

Colistin

1

2

0.5->8

NA

90.1

9.9

Imipenem

> 8

> 8

4->8

0

0

100

Levofloxacin

> 8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

4.2

2.8

93.0

Meropenem

> 16

> 16

≤ 0.06->16

2.8

0

97.2

Piperacillin-tazobactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

2/4->64/4

4.2

0

95.8

Tigecycline

1

2

0.25-8

93.0

2.8

4.2

IMP-SKlebsiella pneumoniae (n = 146)

      

Ceftaroline

0.12

> 8

0.03->8

71.2

3.4

25.3

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.12/4

0.5/4

0.06/4 − 2/4

100

0

0

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

4/2

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

79.5

8.9

11.6

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

16->16

0

1.4

98.6

Ampicillin-sulbactam

8/4

64/32

2/1->64/32

63.0

13.7

23.3

Cefepime

≤ 0.12

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

78.1

1.4

20.5

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

0.25/0.25

16/16

≤ 0.06/0.06->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.25

32

0.06->128

82.9

2.7

14.4

Ciprofloxacin

≤ 0.12

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

64.4

10.3

25.3

Colistin

1

2

0.5->8

NA

96.6

3.4

Imipenem

0.25

0.5

≤ 0.06-1

100

0

0

Levofloxacin

≤ 0.25

8

≤ 0.25->8

72.6

6.8

20.6

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

≤ 0.06

≤ 0.06->16

99.3

0

0.7

Piperacillin-tazobactam

2/4

16/4

0.5/4->64/4

91.1

2.7

6.2

Tigecycline

0.5

1

0.12-4

96.6

3.4

0

Enterobacter cloacae (n = 127)

      

Ceftaroline

0.5

> 8

0.06->8

55.9

1.6

42.5

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.25/4

1/4

≤ 0.015/4->64/4

94.5

0

5.5

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

1->16/8

2.4

2.4

95.3

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

≤ 1->16

3.9

6.3

89.8

Ampicillin-sulbactam

32/16

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

11.8

24.4

63.8

Cefepime

≤ 0.12

16

≤ 0.12->32

76.4

11.8

11.8

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

0.5/0.5

32/32

≤ 0.06/0.06->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.5

> 128

0.12->128

63.8

3.9

32.3

Ciprofloxacin

≤ 0.12

4

≤ 0.12->4

74.0

5.5

20.5

Colistin

1

> 8

0.12->8

NA

71.6

28.4

Imipenem

0.5

2

0.12->8

89.8

3.9

6.3

Levofloxacin

≤ 0.25

4

≤ 0.25->8

79.5

7.1

13.4

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

0.5

≤ 0.06->16

92.1

1.6

6.3

Piperacillin-tazobactam

4/4

> 64/4

0.5/4->64/4

70.9

11.8

17.3

Tigecycline

0.5

2

0.12-4

98.4

1.6

0

IMP-REnterobacter cloacae (n = 8)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

> 8->8

0

0

100

Ceftazidime-avibactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

1/4->64/4

12.5

0

87.5

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

> 16/8->16/8

0

0

100

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

> 16->16

0

0

100

Ampicillin-sulbactam

> 64/32

> 64/32

64/32->64/32

0

0

100

Cefepime

> 32

> 32

8->32

0

12.5

87.5

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

> 64/64

> 64/64

32/32->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

> 128

> 128

64->128

0

0

100

Ciprofloxacin

4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

12.5

12.5

75.0

Colistin

1

> 8

0.5->8

NA

87.5

12.5

Imipenem

> 8

> 8

4->8

0

0

100

Levofloxacin

4

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

12.5

12.5

75.0

Meropenem

> 16

> 16

4->16

0

0

100

Piperacillin-tazobactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

> 64/4->64/4

0

0

100

Tigecycline

1

2

0.5-2

100

0

0

IMP-SEnterobacter cloacae (n = 114)

      

Ceftaroline

0.5

> 8

0.06->8

60.5

1.8

37.7

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.25/4

0.5/4

0.06/4 − 2/4

100

0

0

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

2.6

1.8

95.6

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

≤ 1->16

4.4

7.0

88.6

Ampicillin-sulbactam

32/16

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

13.2

25.4

61.4

Cefepime

≤ 0.12

4

≤ 0.12->32

82.5

11.4

6.1

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

0.5/0.5

32/32

≤ 0.06/0.06-64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.5

128

0.12->128

68.4

4.4

27.2

Ciprofloxacin

≤ 0.12

1

≤ 0.12->4

78.9

5.3

15.8

Colistin

1

16

0.12->8

NA

71.0

29.0

Imipenem

0.5

1

0.12-1

100

0

0

Levofloxacin

≤ 0.25

1

≤ 0.25->8

85.1

6.1

8.8

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

0.12

≤ 0.06-2

99.1

0.9

0

Piperacillin-tazobactam

2/4

> 64/4

0.5/4->64/4

76.3

13.2

10.5

Tigecycline

0.5

1

0.12-4

99.1

0.9

0

Citrobacter freundii (n = 28)

      

Ceftaroline

8

> 8

0.12->8

28.6

10.7

60.7

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.25/4

> 64/4

0.06/4->64/4

82.1

0

17.9

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

> 16/8

> 16/8

1->16/8

10.7

10.7

78.6

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

2->16

10.7

7.1

82.1

Ampicillin-sulbactam

64/32

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

25.0

7.1

67.9

Cefepime

2

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

64.3

7.1

28.6

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

8/8

> 64/64

0.12/0.12->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

8

> 128

0.12->128

50.0

3.6

46.4

Ciprofloxacin

0.5

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

46.4

7.1

46.4

Colistin

1

4

0.5->8

NA

89.3

10.7

Imipenem

1

> 8

≤ 0.06->8

75.0

3.6

21.4

Levofloxacin

1

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

50.0

7.1

42.9

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

> 16

≤ 0.06->16

78.6

3.6

17.9

Piperacillin-tazobactam

16/4

> 64/4

1/4->64/4

57.1

3.6

39.3

Tigecycline

0.5

2

0.12-4

96.4

3.6

0

Proteus mirabilis (n = 51)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

0.03->8

27.5

3.9

68.6

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.06/4

2/4

0.03/4->64/4

90.2

0

9.8

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

16/8

> 16/8

1/0.5->16/8

49.0

33.3

17.7

Ampicillin

> 16

> 16

≤ 1->16

19.6

0

80.4

Ampicillin-sulbactam

32/16

64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

35.3

5.9

58.8

Cefepime

16

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

49.0

0

51.0

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

4/4

8/8

0.25/0.25->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.25

> 128

0.06->128

78.4

5.9

15.7

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

23.5

3.9

72.6

Imipenem

1

2

0.25->8

58.8

33.3

7.8

Levofloxacin

8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

27.4

0

72.6

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

0.12

≤ 0.06->16

94.1

0

5.9

Piperacillin-tazobactam

1/4

16/4

≤ 0.12/4->64/4

92.2

0

7.8

Morganella morganii (n = 50)

      

Ceftaroline

0.5

> 8

0.03->8

56.0

2.0

42.0

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.06/4

0.25/4

0.03/4->64/4

96.0

0

4.0

Ampicillin-sulbactam

32/16

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/4

18.0

24.0

58.0

Cefepime

≤ 0.12

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

84.0

4.0

12.0

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

1/1

16/16

0.25/0.25->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.25

64

0.06->128

74.0

6.0

20.0

Ciprofloxacin

1

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

28.0

8.0

64.0

Imipenem

2

4

0.12->8

20.0

62.0

18.0

Levofloxacin

1

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

30.0

22.0

48.0

Meropenem

0.12

0.25

≤ 0.06-8

96.0

0

4.0

Piperacillin-tazobactam

0.25/4

8/4

≤ 0.12/4->64/4

94.0

0

6.0

Serratia marcescens (n = 80)

      

Ceftaroline

1

> 8

0.12->8

28.7

25.0

46.3

Ceftazidime-avibactam

0.12/4

1/4

0.06/4–64/4

97.5

0

2.5

Cefepime

≤ 0.12

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

67.5

7.5

25.0

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

2/2

> 64/64

0.25/0.25->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

0.25

16

0.12->128

80.0

7.5

12.5

Ciprofloxacin

≤ 0.12

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

67.5

1.2

31.3

Imipenem

0.5

> 8

0.25->8

76.2

3.8

20.0

Levofloxacin

≤ 0.25

8

≤ 0.25->8

68.7

8.8

22.5

Meropenem

≤ 0.06

> 16

≤ 0.06->16

80.0

0

20.0

Piperacillin-tazobactam

2/4

> 64/4

0.5/4->64/4

81.2

0

18.8

Tigecycline

1

2

0.25-4

98.7

1.3

0

Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 114)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

1->8

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime-avibactam

32/4

64/4

1/4->64/4

NA

NA

NA

Ampicillin-sulbactam

64/32

> 64/32

≤ 1/0.5->64/32

12.3

7.9

79.8

Cefepime

> 32

> 32

1->32

13.2

4.4

82.5

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

32/32

64/64

0.5/0.5->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

128

> 128

2->128

14.0

0.9

85.1

Ciprofloxacin

> 4

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

13.2

0

86.8

Colistin

1

2

1->8

NA

97.4

2.6

Imipenem

> 8

> 8

0.12->8

14.9

0

85.1

Levofloxacin

8

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

14.9

23.7

61.4

Meropenem

> 16

> 16

0.12->16

13.2

0

86.8

Piperacillin-tazobactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

≤ 0.12/4->64/4

13.2

0.9

86.0

Tigecycline

1

2

0.12-4

NA

NA

NA

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 386)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

0.06->8

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime-avibactam

2/4

8/4

0.03/4->64/4

90.7

0

9.3

Cefepime

4

> 32

≤ 0.12->32

68.9

9.3

21.8

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

8/8

64/64

0.25/0.25->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

4

128

0.06->128

68.9

3.9

27.2

Ciprofloxacin

0.25

> 4

≤ 0.12->4

66.1

11.1

22.8

Imipenem

2

> 8

≤ 0.06->8

59.3

7.5

33.2

Levofloxacin

1

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

57.0

14.5

28.5

Meropenem

1

> 16

≤ 0.06->16

64.5

10.4

25.1

Piperacillin-tazobactam

8/4

> 64/4

≤ 0.12/4->64/4

64.5

10.4

25.1

IMP-R Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 128)

      

Ceftaroline

> 8

> 8

> 8->8

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime-avibactam

4/4

32/4

1/4->64/4

75.8

0

24.2

Cefepime

16

> 32

1->32

41.4

10.9

47.7

Cefoperazone-sulbactam

32/32

> 64/64

4/4->64/64

NA

NA

NA

Ceftazidime

32

> 128

1->128

40.6

6.3

53.1

Ciprofloxacin

1

> 4

0.12->4

42.9

13.3

43.8

Imipenem

> 8

> 8

8->8

0

0

100

Levofloxacin

2

> 8

≤ 0.25->8

34.4

16.4

49.2

Meropenem

8

> 16

0.12->16

7.8

22.7

69.5

Piperacillin-tazobactam

> 64/4

> 64/4

1/4->64/4

35.1

13.3

51.6

  1. † Cefepime CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) susceptibility for Enterobacteriaceae adopted the susceptible, susceptible-dose-dependent, and resistant categories
  2. MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration; CLSI = Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; IMP-R = imipenem-resistant; IMP-S = imipenem-susceptible; NA = not applicable