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Table 1 Sample description

From: Microbial features of mature and abandoned soils in refractory clay deposits

Name

Soil type

Local description

Plants

Horizons

Inclusions

Coordinates

Refractory clay mining dumps (pre-quaternary sediments)

pQ_1 (Overburden Soil)

Loamy gray-humus on moraine dump overburden

Overgrown (about 20 years) heaps of quaternary overburden

Reed grass, clover, willow, peas, herd grass, yarrow (100% projective cover)

AY (0 – 7)*, C(7–18) Loosely riddled with roots

Loosely riddled with roots

58.366140, 33.877831

pQ_2 (Stone Heaps)

 

Lithostrat (heaped mineral ground), mix with large unrolled rocky debris

Absent

Dump overburden without features of pedogenesis formation

Roots, coal, oxidized pyrite

58.366330, 33.879089

pQ_3 (Spoil Heaps)

 

Waste heap (about 70 years old) at the coal mines

Absent, presumably due to extremely low pH

Dump overburden without signs of soil formation

Coal, pyrite

58.364520, 33.886705

pQ_R (Bulk Soil)

Sod-podzolic (Albeluvisol) developed on moraine heavy textured loams

Red-brown moraine outcrop, zonal south taiga meadow ecosystem

Scotch pine forest

AY (0 – 4)*, EI (4 – 10), BI (10 – 30)

 

58.365306, 33.888421

Sandy quarry (quaternary deposits)

Q_1 (Sand Dumps)

 

Entisoil (embryonic soil) on sands (30 years), sand pit dumps

Young pine stand

AY (0 – 1)*, C (1 – 20)

a lot of litter

58.397174, 33.395037

Q_R (Bulk Soil)

 

Background podzol on glacial sands (over the road from the quarry)

Pine forest, spruce undergrowth, fern, oxalis

O (0 – 4)*, AY (4 – 7), E (7 – 10), C (10 – 20)

 

58.399094, 33.397613

  1. * is marked the horizon of sampling