Table 3 Risk factors assoclated with rectal colonization of NDM-1-producing Enterobacterales in neonatal patient
Variables | 4-28 days age group | 0-3 days age group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbapenem-susceptible n = 44 (%) | Carbapenem-resistant n = 71 (%) | Univariate analysis P value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) P value | Carbapenem-susceptible n = 150 (%) | Carbapenem-resistant n = 151 (%) | Univariate analysis P value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) P value | |||
Age of admission (d) | 9.47 ± 7.48 | 10.18 ± 7.27 | 0.222 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gender (male) | 90 (62.5) | 40 (56.34) | 0.385 | Â | Â | 78 (52) | 80 (52.98) | 0.913 | Â | Â |
Gestational age (d) | 271.67 ± 25.26 | 270.30 ± 14.39 | 0.069 |  |  | 267.77 ± 18.65 | 250.57 ± 23.81 | < 0.001 |  |  |
Birth weight (g) | 3306.33 ± 568.21 | 3239.65 ± 526.20 | 0.592 |  |  | 3080.97 ± 665.74 | 2637.55 ± 880.633 | < 0.001 |  |  |
Prematurity | 10 (6.94) | 8 (11.27) | 0.282 | Â | Â | 42 (28) | 93 (61.59) | < 0.001 | Â | Â |
Cesarean section | 54 (37.5) | 43 (60.56) | 0.001 | 2.55 (1.37–4.74) | 0.003 | 66 (44) | 100 (66.23) | < 0.001 | 2.92 (1.69–5.05) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary infection | 34 (23.61) | 20 (28.17) | 0.469 | Â | Â | 18 (12) | 23 (15.23) | 0.414 | Â | Â |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 12 (8.33) | 5 (7.04) | 0.741 | Â | Â | 96 (64) | 122 (80.79) | 0.001 | Â | Â |
Acidosis | 1 (0.69) | 1 (1.41) | 0.552 |  |  | 22 (14.67) | 53 (35.10) | < 0.001 | 2.25 (1.17–4.33) | 0.016 |
Hyperbilirubinemia | 108 (75) | 47 (66.20) | 0.176 | Â | Â | 45 (30) | 13 (8.61) | < 0.001 | Â | Â |
Respiration failure | 1 (0.69) | 2 (2.82) | 0.254 |  |  | 7 (4.67) | 38 (25.17) | < 0.001 | 3.46 (1.41–8.45) | 0.007 |
Acleistocardia | 67 (46.53) | 44 (61.97) | 0.033 | Â | Â | 96 (64) | 83 (54.97) | 0.139 | Â | Â |
Hypocalcemia | 6 (4.17) | 3 (4.23) | > 0.999 | Â | Â | 31 (20.67) | 59 (39.07) | < 0.001 | Â | Â |
Anemia | 15 (10.42) | 10 (14.08) | 0.430 | Â | Â | 11 (7.33) | 18 (11.92) | 0.177 | Â | Â |
β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor | 34 (23.61) | 20 (28.17) | 0.469 |  |  | 46 (30.67) | 52 (34.44) | 0.485 |  |  |
Cephalosporins | 52 (36.11) | 40 (56.34) | 0.005 | 2.12 (1.14–3.94) | 0.017 | 79 (52.67) | 94 (62.25) | 0.093 |  |  |
Meropenem | 10 (6.94) | 6 (8.45) | 0.692 | Â | Â | 2 (1.33) | 10 (6.62) | 0.019 | Â | Â |
Oxygen inhalation | 26 (18·06) | 15 (21.13) | 0.590 |  |  | 60 (40) | 100 (66.23) | < 0.001 |  |  |
Sputum suction | 62 (43.06) | 36 (50.70) | 0.290 | Â | Â | 108 (72) | 143 (94.7) | < 0.001 | Â | Â |
Gastric lavage | 11 (7.64) | 16 (22.54) | 0.002 | 3.44 (1.44–8.22) | 0.005 | 97 (64.67) | 138 (91.39) | < 0.001 | 3.09 (1.49–6.39) | 0.002 |
Nasogastric feeding | 12 (8.33) | 13 (18.31) | 0.032 | Â | Â | 56 (37.33) | 85 (59.29) | 0.001 | Â | Â |
Enema | 16 (11.11) | 13 (18.31) | 0.146 |  |  | 40 (26.67) | 91 (60.26) | < 0.001 | 2.84 (1.65–4.91) | < 0.001 |
Endotracheal intubation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 7 (4.67) | 32 (21.19) | < 0.001 | Â | Â |
Residence in rural area | 46 (31.94) | 37 (52.11) | 0.004 | 2.22 (1.19–4.13) | 0.012 | 72 (48) | 72 (47·68) | 0.956 |  |  |