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Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of seventy-six patients with CPE pneumonia according to carbapenemase types

From: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of infection/colonization due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in neonatal patients

Variables

Total (n = 76)

No. (%)

IMP-4 (n = 13)

No. (%)

KPC-2 (n = 22)

No. (%)

NDM-1 (n = 41)

No. (%)

  Gender (male)

55 (72.37)

9 (69.23)

16 (72.73)

30 (73.17)

  Prematurity

61 (80.26)

11 (84.62)

18 (81.82)

32 (78.05)

  Cesarean section

51 (67.11)

8 (61.54)

17 (77.27)

26 (63.41)

  Gestational age (d)

237.09 ± 23.34

233.08 ± 17.62

231.55 ± 23.35

241.34 ± 26.27

  Birth weight (g)

2103.62 ± 876.30

2003.08 ± 752.85

1857.95 ± 728.66

2267.32 ± 962.85

  Hospital stay (d)

24.82 ± 13.22

24.54 ± 10.18

27.32 ± 14.27

23.59 ± 13.59

  Hospital stay before CPE isolation (d)

7.64 ± 5.72

9.69 ± 6.05

7.91 ± 4.97

6.85 ± 5.95

  Hypocalcemia

40 (52.63)

2 (15.38)

12 (54.55)

26 (63.41)

  Respiratory distress syndrome

29 (38.16)

4 (30.77)

7 (31.82)

18 (43.90)

  Acidosis

27 (35.53)

3 (23.08)

9 (40.91)

15 (36.59)

  Anemia

43 (56.58)

7 (53.85)

14 (63.64)

22 (53.66)

  Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

37 (48.68)

9 (69.23)

10 (45.45)

18 (43.90)

  Acleistocardia

29 (38.16)

5 (38.46)

1 (4.55)

23 (56.10)

  Pulmonary hypertension

11 (14.47)

1 (7.69)

0 (0)

10 (24.39)

  Respiratory failure

32 (42.11)

6 (46.15)

6 (27.27)

20 (48.78)

  Pulmonary membrane disease

35 (46.05)

7 (53.85)

14 (63.64)

14 (34.15)

  Nasogastric feeding

55 (72.37)

8 (61.54)

17 (77.27)

30 (73.17)

  Gastric lavage

74 (97.37)

11 (84.62)

22 (100)

41 (100)

  Enema

24 (31.58)

0 (0)

7 (31.82)

17 (41.46)

  Mechanical ventilation

55 (72.37)

9 (69.23)

14 (63.64)

32 (78.05)

  Peripherally inserted central catheter

24 (31.58)

4 (30.77)

8 (36.36)

12 (29.27)

  Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae

74 (97.37)

13 (100)

22 (100)

39 (95.12)

  Infection with Escherichia coli

2 ( 2.63)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (4.88)

  Previous antibiotic exposure

    

  β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations

59 (77.63)

13 (100)

22 (100)

24 (58.54)

  Gentamicin

5 (6.58)

3 (23.08)

0 (0)

2 (4.88)

  Cephalosporins

24 (31.58)

0 (0)

1 (4.55)

23 (56.10)

  Carbapenems

18 (23.68)

5 (38.46)

5 (22.73)

8 (19.51)

  Change in antibiotic treatment after CRE isolation

62 (81.58)

12 (92.31)

16 (72.73)

34 (82.93)

  Ciprofloxacin

13 (17.11)

7 (58.33)

0 (0)

6 (17.65)

  Meropenem

47 (61.84)

4 (33.33)

16 (100)

27 (79.41)

  β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations

2 (2.63)

1 (8.33)

0 (0)

1 (2.94)

  Outcome

    

  Cure

63 (82.89)

12 (92.31)

17 (77.27)

34 (82.93)

  Improvement

13 (17.11)

1 (7.69)

5 (22.73)

7 (17.07)

  1. CPE carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales