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Fig. 2 | BMC Microbiology

Fig. 2

From: Cyclic-di-GMP stimulates keratinocyte innate immune responses and attenuates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a murine skin wound infection model

Fig. 2

Stimulation of HaCaT cells with c-di-GMP induces secretion of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines. HaCaT cells were incubated for 12 h with c-di-GMP at 0, 1, 5, 25, or 125 μM and challenged with MRSA strain HRCH2019-1 for 3 h. Culture medium of infected and uninfected control cells was harvested for quantification of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and chemokines by ELISA. A Quantification of human AMP β-defensin 1 (hBD-1). B Quantification of AMP hBD-2. C Quantification of AMP hBD-3. D Quantification of AMP LL-37. E Quantification of chemokine CXCL1. F Quantification of chemokine CXCL8. Significant differences compared with 0 μM c-di-GMP for both the MRSA-challenged and unchallenged cells and for other specified comparisons were identified by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (GraphPad Prism). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001

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BMC Microbiology

ISSN: 1471-2180

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