Table 1 Clinical characteristics of all subjects in this study

Fecal samples

17

20

20

Age, years, mean ± SD

30.12 ± 14.14

34.25 ± 10.54

35.95 ± 10.27

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

22.48 ± 2.51

22.49 ± 3.39

23.16 ± 2.78

Disease duration, years, median (IQR)

-

1.5(0.15–4.7)

5.5(0.7–10.75)

SLEDAI, mean ± SD

-

9.65 ± 4.78

6.5 ± 4.51

ESR, mm/h, mean ± SD

-

48.8 ± 28.99

31.5 ± 20.68

CRP, mg/l, mean ± SD

-

12.08 ± 25.72

9.59 ± 20.63

C3, g/l, mean ± SD

-

0.64 ± 0.24

0.76 ± 0.34

C4, g/l, mean ± SD

-

0.10 ± 0.09

0.13 ± 0.08

Lupus nephritis, n (%)

-

9(45)

6(30)

Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%)

-

11(55)

14(70)

Positive anti-SSA, n (%)

-

14(70)

15(75)

Positive anti-SSB, n (%)

-

4(20)

6(30)

Positive anti-RNP, n (%)

-

11(55)

16(80)

Drugs use

 Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

-

15(75)

18(90)

 Glucocorticoid, n (%)

-

18(90)

17(85)

 Immunosuppressant, n (%)

-

10(50)

6(30)

 NSAIDs, n (%)

-

3(15)

6(30)