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Table 1 Influence of different concentrations of K. pneumoniae and P. paralactis on development and adult emergence of S. litura

From: Insecticidal and growth inhibitory activity of gut microbes isolated from adults of Spodoptera litura (Fab.)

Bacteria

Concentrations (cfu/ml)

Larval period (days)

(Mean± S.E.)

Pupal period

(days) (Mean± S.E.)

Total developmental period (days) (Mean ± S.E.)

Adult emergence (%)

(Mean± S.E.)

Adult deformities

(%)

(Mean± S.E.)

K. pneumoniae

Control

12.06 ± 0.48a

8.90 ± 0.19a

20.96 ± 0.40a

91.06 ± 4.17 b

3.20 ± 0.80a

3.2 × 108

12.47 ± 0.66ab

9.60 ± 0.18ab

22.07 ± 0.59ab

81.80 ± 2.26ab

8.40 ± 0.74a

8.2 × 108

14.10 ± 0.43ab

10.03 ± 0.40ab

24.13 ± 0.69bc

78.80 ± 2.08ab

9.00 ± 1.94a

1.9 × 109

14.44 ± 0.38bc

10.55 ± 0.40b

24.99 ± 0.48 cd

77.80 ± 4.59ab

10.20 ± 2.65ab

3.6 × 109

16.30 ± 0.48 cd

10.60 ± 0.36b

26.90 ± 0.64d

74.60 ± 2.01a

19.00 ± 2.38bc

5.8 × 109

16.80 ± 0.48d

10.70 ± 0.20b

27.50 ± 0.63d

70.52 ± 2.53a

22.00 ± 3.52c

F-value

14.98**

5.16**

19.69**

5.04**

10.01**

P. paralactis

Control

12.06 ± 0.48a

8.90 ± 0.19a

20.96 ± 0.40a

91.06 ± 4.17c

3.20 ± 0.80a

2.4 × 108

14.88 ± 0.84b

8.90 ± 0.45a

23.78 ± 0.71b

84.20 ± 1.35bc

10.20 ± 0.66ab

6.8 × 108

16.16 ± 0.28b

9.36 ± 0.18ab

25.52 ± 0.22bc

79.60 ± 1.16abc

14.60 ± 1.32abc

1.4 × 109

17.09 ± 0.34bc

9.54 ± 0.16ab

26.63 ± 0.47 cd

72.60 ± 3.35ab

23.60 ± 5.50bc

3.2 × 109

18.90 ± 0.50 cd

9.70 ± 0.12ab

28.60 ± 0.50de

72.60 ± 2.76ab

24.80 ± 5.00bc

5.0 × 109

20.10 ± 0.64d

10.40 ± 0.24b

30.50 ± 0.67e

71.00 ± 1.78a

28.00 ± 5.83c

F-value

27.46**

4.97**

42.05**

8.90**

6.08**

  1. The values (Mean ± SE) followed by different letters (superscript) with in a column indicate the significant differences at Tukey’s test P ≤ 0.05, **Significant at 1% level