Fig. 2

Effect of different concentrations of K. pneumoniae (C1=3.2 × 10⁸cfu/ml, C2=8.2 × 10⁸cfu/ml, C3=1.9 × 10⁹cfu/ml, C4= 3.6 × 10⁹cfu/ml and C5=5.8 × 10⁹cfu/ml) and P. paralactis (C1=2.4 × 10⁸cfu/ml, C2=6.8 × 10⁸cfu/ml, C3=1.4 × 10⁹cfu/ml, C4=3.2 × 10⁹cfu/ml and C5=5.0 × 10⁹cfu/ml) on larval mortality of S. litura. Columns and bars represent the mean ± SE. Different letters above the columns represent significant differences at Tukey’s test P ≤ 0.05