Table 1 Diversity of the 16 S rRNA gene-based bacterial and ITS rRNA gene-based fungi communities. Values are the means ± standard errors (n = 6). Different letters in the same row mean significant difference at P <0.05 among the five treatments. HG (healthy ginseng), GRS1 (rust root area greater than 0, less than or equal to 25%), GRS2 (red skin root area greater than 25%, less than or equal to 50%), GRS3 (rust root area greater than 50%, less than or equal to 75%) and GRS4 (rust root area greater than 75%)

Bacteria

HG

2209 ± 163 b

1952 ± 125 b

8.518 ± 0.078 bc

0.993 ± 0.001 b

2171.36 ± 140.73 bc

GRS1

2226 ± 183 b

2013 ± 111 ab

8.604 ± 0.116 bc

0.993 ± 0.001 b

2400.47 ± 365.58 ab

GRS2

2510 ± 198 a

2225 ± 156 a

8.849 ± 0.073 a

0.994 ± 0.000 a

2475.05 ± 166.26 a

GRS3

2124 ± 191 b

1874 ± 168 b

8.369 ± 0.219 c

0.991 ± 0.002 b

2096.48 ± 182.25 c

GRS4

2297 ± 250 ab

2035 ± 219 ab

8.606 ± 0.254 b

0.992 ± 0.002 b

2278.28 ± 245.57 abc

Fungi

HG

593 ± 103 a

533 ± 85 ab

4.822 ± 0.111 a

0.913 ± 0.005 a

576.98 ± 102.37 ab

GRS1

602 ± 132 a

537 ± 114 ab

4.866 ± 0.243 a

0.927 ± 0.009 ab

595.66 ± 134.21 ab

GRS2

615 ± 84 a

568 ± 84 a

4.74 ± 0.209 a

0.914 ± 0.015 ab

717.49 ± 244.41 a

GRS3

489 ± 93 a

436 ± 75 b

4.348 ± 0.0.5 b

0.905 ± 0.008 b

486.28 ± 86.68 b

GRS4

546 ± 140 a

489 ± 120 ab

4.497 ± 0.263 b

0.897 ± 0.016 b

549.05 ± 139.95 ab