Table 1 Antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC values (μg/ml) for clinical Nocardia isolates
Antimicrobial agents | Species (no. of isolates tested) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N. cyriacigeorgica (33) | N. farcinica (20) | N. otitidiscaviarum (7) | N. abscessus (5) | N. asiatica (4) | N. wallacei (4) | N. puris (2) | N. aobensis (1) | N. brasiliensis (1) | N. nova (1) | Novel species I (3) | Novel species II (1) | All Nocardia isolates (82) | |
Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (S: ≤8/4 μg/ml; I: 16/8 μg/ml; R: ≥32/16 μg/ml) a | |||||||||||||
MIC range / value | 4/2- > 64/32 | 4/2–16/8 | 32/16–64/32 | ≤2/1 | 64/32- > 64/32 | 2/1–8/4 | 16/8–32/16 | 4/2 | 4/2 | 64/32 | ≤2/1- > 64/32 | 4/2 | ≤2/1- > 64/32 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 16/8 / 64/32 | 8/4 / 8/4 | 64/32 / 64/32 | ≤2/1 / ≤2/1 | 64/32 / > 64/32 | 4/2 / 8/4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16/8 / 64/32 |
S [n (%)] | 2 (6.1) | 18 (90.0) | 0 | 5 (100) | 0 | 4 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 1 (100) | 33 (40.2) |
I [n (%)] | 18 (54.5) | 2 (10.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 (25.6) |
R [n (%)] | 13 (39.4) | 0 | 7 (100) | 0 | 4 (100) | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 2 (66.7) | 0 | 28 (34.1) |
Ceftriaxone (S: ≤8 μg/ml; I: 16–32 μg/ml; R: ≥64 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range / value | ≤4- > 64 | 16- > 64 | > 64 | ≤4 | ≤4 | ≤4–8 | > 64 | 8 | 16 | ≤4 | ≤4 | 16 | ≤4- > 64 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 8 / > 64 | 64 / > 64 | > 64 / > 64 | ≤4 / ≤4 | ≤4 / ≤4 | ≤4 / 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 / > 64 |
S [n (%)] | 17 (51.5) | 0 | 0 | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 | 35 (42.7) |
I [n (%)] | 8 (24.2) | 5 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 15 (18.3) |
R [n (%)] | 8 (24.2) | 15 (75.0) | 7 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 (39.0) |
Cefepime (S: ≤8 μg/ml; I: 16 μg/ml; R: ≥32 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range / value | 4- > 32 | 16- > 32 | > 32 | ≤1–8 | ≤1–8 | ≤1–32 | > 32 | 2 | 32 | 4 | ≤1–2 | 16 | ≤1- > 32 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 16 / > 32 | > 32 / > 32 | > 32 / > 32 | 4 / 8 | 4 / 8 | 4 / 32 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 32 / > 32 |
S [n (%)] | 11 (33.3) | 0 | 0 | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 3 (75.0) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 | 28 (34.1) |
I [n (%)] | 6 (18.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 9 (11.0) |
R [n (%)] | 16 (48.5) | 18 (90.0) | 7 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 2 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 (54.9) |
Imipenem (S: ≤4 μg/ml; I: 8 μg/ml; R: ≥16 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range / value | ≤2–32 | ≤2–16 | 16- > − 64 | ≤2–8 | ≤2 | ≤2–32 | 4–8 | ≤2 | 64 | ≤2 | ≤2 | > 64 | ≤2- > 64 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | ≤2 / 16 | ≤2 / 16 | 64 / > 64 | 4 / 8 | ≤2 / ≤2 | ≤2 / 32 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ≤2 / 32 |
S [n (%)] | 29 (87.9) | 15 (75.0) | 0 | 3 (60.0) | 4 (100) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 | 60 (73.2) |
I [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (40.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (3.7) |
R [n (%)] | 4 (12.1) | 5 (25.0) | 7 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 19 (23.2) |
Cefoxitin | |||||||||||||
MIC range / value | 16- > 128 | 64- > 128 | > 128 | ≤4–8 | ≤4–32 | 64- > 128 | 64–128 | 64 | 128 | 64 | ≤4–16 | 32 | ≤4- > 128 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | > 128 / > 128 | 128 / > 128 | > 128 / > 128 | 8 / 8 | 8 / 32 | 128 / > 128 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 128 / > 128 |
Tobramycin (S: ≤4 μg/ml; I: 8 μg/ml; R: ≥16 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | ≤1–8 | 16- > 16 | ≤1–8 | ≤1 | ≤1–2 | > 16 | 4–8 | 2 | 2 | > 16 | ≤1–4 | ≤1 | ≤1- > 16 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | ≤1 / 4 | > 16 / > 16 | 2 / 8 | ≤1 / ≤1 | ≤1 / 2 | > 16 / > 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / > 16 |
S [n (%)] | 30 (90.9) | 0 | 6 (85.7) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (100) | 1 (100) | 52 (63.4) |
I [n (%)] | 3 (9.1) | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (6.1) |
R [n (%)] | 0 | 20 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 25 (30.5) |
Amikacin (S: ≤8 μg/ml; R: ≥16 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | ≤1–4 | ≤1–8 | ≤1–4 | ≤1 | ≤1–2 | 16- > 64 | ≤1 | ≤1 | 2 | ≤1 | ≤1–2 | ≤1 | ≤1- > 64 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | ≤1 / 2 | ≤1 / 2 | 2 / 4 | ≤1 / ≤1 | 2 / 2 | 16 / > 64 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ≤1 / 2 |
S [n (%)] | 33 (100) | 20 (100) | 7 (100) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 0 | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 1 (100) | 78 (95.1) |
R [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.9) |
Minocycline (S: ≤1 μg/ml; I: 2–4 μg/ml; R: ≥8 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | ≤1–4 | ≤1–4 | ≤1–2 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1–4 | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 | 2 | ≤1–2 | ≤1 | ≤1–4 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 2 / 4 | 2 / 2 | ≤1 / 2 | ≤1 / ≤1 | ≤1 / ≤1 | 1 / 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / 2 |
S [n (%)] | 8 (24.2) | 3 (15.0) | 6 (85.7) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (100) | 35 (42.7) |
I [n (%)] | 25 (75.8) | 17 (85.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 47 (57.3) |
R [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Doxycycline (S: ≤1 μg/ml; I: 2–4 μg/ml; R: ≥8 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | 0.25- > 16 | 0.25- > 16 | 0.25–4 | ≤0.12–1 | 0.24–4 | 0.25–8 | 0.5–1 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 0.5–4 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12- > 16 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 2 / 4 | 4 / 8 | 2 / 4 | 0.5 / 1 | 1 / 4 | 4 / 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / 4 |
S [n (%)] | 4 (12.1) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (100) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (100) | 20 (24.4) |
I [n (%)] | 27 (81.8) | 15 (75.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 54 (65.9) |
R [n (%)] | 2 (6.1) | 4 (20.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 8 (9.8) |
Tigecycline | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | 0.06- > 4 | 2–4 | 0.25–2 | 1–2 | 0.5–2 | 0.5–4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1–2 | 0.5 | 0.06- > 4 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | 2 / 2 | 2 / 4 | 0.5 / 2 | 1 / 2 | 1 / 2 | 1 / 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / 4 |
Ciprofloxacin (S: ≤1 μg/ml; I: 2 μg/ml; R: ≥4 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | 4- > 4 | 0.25- > 4 | 2- > 4 | 2- > 4 | > 4 | 0.5- > 4 | 4- > 4 | > 4 | > 4 | 2 | > 4 | 0.25 | 0.25- > 4 |
MIC50 / MIC90 | > 4 / > 4 | 1 / > 4 | > 4 / > 4 | > 4 / > 4 | > 4 / > 4 | 1 / > 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | > 4 / > 4 |
S [n (%)] | 0 | 11 (55.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 14 (17.1) |
I [n (%)] | 0 | 4 (20.0) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 8 (9.8) |
R [n (%)] | 33 (100) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (85.7) | 4 (80.0) | 4 (100) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (100) | 0 | 60 (73.2) |
Moxifloxacin (S: ≤1 μg/ml; I: 2 μg/ml; R: ≥4 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | 1- > 8 | ≤0.25–4 | 1–4 | 1–8 | > 8 | 0.5–2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | > 8 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25- > 8 |
MIC50/ MIC90 | 4 / 8 | 1 / 2 | 4 / 4 | 2 / 8 | > 8 / > 8 | 2 / 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / 8 |
S [n (%)] | 2 (6.1) | 15 (75.0) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 22 (26.8) |
I [n (%)] | 13 (39.4) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (40.0) | 0 | 3 (75.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 27 (32.9) |
R [n (%)] | 18 (54.5) | 2 (10.0) | 4 (57.1) | 2 (40.0) | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (100) | 0 | 33 (40.2) |
Clarithromycin (S: ≤2 μg/ml; I: 4 μg/ml; R: ≥8 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | 4- > 16 | > 16 | > 16 | 2- > 16 | 4- > 16 | 2- > 16 | > 16 | 0.25 | > 16 | 0.12 | 8- > 16 | 16 | 0.12- > 16 |
MIC50/ MIC90 | > 16 / > 16 | > 16 / > 16 | > 16/ > 16 | > 16 / > 16 | > 16 / > 16 | 8 / > 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | > 16 / > 16 |
S [n (%)] | 1 (3.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (20.0) | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | 5 (6.1) |
I [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) |
R [n (%)] | 32 (97.0) | 20 (100) | 7 (100) | 4 (80.0) | 3 (75.0) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (100) | 1 (100) | 76 (92.7) |
Linezolid (S: ≤8 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | ≤1–4 | ≤1–4 | 1 ≤ −4 | ≤1–2 | ≤1–2 | ≤1–2 | ≤1–2 | 2 | ≤1 | ≤1 | 1–2 | ≤1 | ≤1–4 |
MIC50/ MIC90 | 2 / 2 | 2 / 4 | ≤1 / 4 | ≤1 / 2 | ≤1 / 2 | ≤1 / 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 / 2 |
S [n (%)] | 33 (100) | 20 (100) | 7 (100) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 1 (100) | 82 (100) |
Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (S: ≤2/38 μg/ml; R: ≥4/76 μg/ml) | |||||||||||||
MIC range/value | ≤0.25/4.75–0.5/9.5 | ≤0.25/4.75–0.5/9.5 | 1/19–2/38 | ≤0.25/4.75 | ≤0.25/4.75–0.5/9.5 | 0.5/9.5–8/152 | 1/19–2/38 | ≤0.25/4.75 | ≤0.25/4.75 | 0.5/9.5 | ≤0.25/4.75–1/19 | ≤0.25/4.75 | ≤0.25/4.75–8/152 |
MIC50/ MIC90 | ≤0.25/4.75 / ≤0.25/4.75 | ≤0.25/4.75 / 0.5/9.5 | 2/38 / 2/38 | ≤0.25/4.75 / ≤0.25/4.75 | ≤0.25/4.75 / 0.5/9.5 | 1/19 / 8/152 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ≤0.25/4.75 / 2/38 |
S [n (%)] | 33 (100) | 20 (100) | 7 (100) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | 1 (100) | 81 (98.8) |
R [n (%)] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) |