Fig. 6

LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size) for taxa identification between the treatment and control plant groups. In each portion of the above figure, the cladogram and its corresponding histogram of LDA scores are shown. The cladogram (Wilcoxon p value < 0.05) illustrates taxa with significantly different abundances. Coloured dots from the centre to outwards signify the kingdom system in chronological order. Hollow nodes represent insignificant differences, while the coloured nodes indicate significant differences between groups. Classification units in the histogram are sorted according to the score value (LDA effect size > 2) to describe their specificity in the sample grouping. LEfSe for rhizosphere (a), white roots (b), leaves (c) and flowers/berries (d) at full bloom (Fb), veraison (V) and maturity (M) of control (C) and treated (T) plants