Fig. 6

Microbiota composition stratified through early stage and advanced stage TNM. A heatmap plot to discriminate significantly varied OPM microbiota in genus level. B Three genera were found through Student’s t-test, which were Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Parvimonas. C Taxa enriched during early-stage group (Red) and advanced-stage group (Blue) were indicated with LDA scores, respectively. D A cladogram represents the OPM microbiota during early-stage versus advanced stage TNM. Taxa enriched in early stage (Red) and advance stage groups (Blue). The brightness of each dot is proportional to its effect size. * p < 0.05; The abundance of genus Fusobacterium gDNA was verified through qPCR analysis in comparison with E HPSCC and post-HPSCC group and F early stage and advanced stage group