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Table 1 Mean of descriptive statistics of enamel microhardness values (EMH) in different conditions.

From: Enhanced reduction of polymicrobial biofilms on the orthodontic brackets and enamel surface remineralization using zeolite-zinc oxide nanoparticles-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Treatment

Intact

Demineralized (t0)

Demineralized and remineralized

   

t2

t1

NaF

3.78

2.25

3.09

2.57

SDa

0.19

0.28

0.17

0.22

Minb

3.48

2.02

2.72

2.44

Maxc

4.15

2.33

3.31

2.76

0.5 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs

3.69

2.07

2.18

2.12

SD

0.22

0.19

0.22

0.33

Min

3.31

1.86

2.04

2.01

Max

4.12

2.33

2.51

2.49

1 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs

3.64

2.01

2.21

2.09

SD

0.20

0.16

0.31

0.21

Min

3.55

1.84

2.05

1.82

Max

4.01

2.27

2.28

2.16

2 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs

3.72

2.18

2.43

2.23

SD

0.18

0.19

0.18

0.25

Min

3.67

2.01

2.25

2.12

Max

3.99

2.64

2.78

2.61

Blue laser

3.82

2.28

2.39

2.35

SD

0.19

0.25

0.15

0.24

Min

3.41

2.11

2.23

2.11

Max

3.89

2.40

2.48

2.52

0.5 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs + Blue laser

3.73

2.11

2.45

2.22

SD

0.19

0.27

0.22

0.31

Min

3.61

2.01

2.34

2.14

Max

3.86

2.25

2.91

2.64

1 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs + Blue laser

3.78

2.25

2.75

2.43

SD

0.26

0.21

0.29

0.27

Min

3.68

2.16

2.27

2.25

Max

4.02

2.47

3.04

2.73

2 × 10−4 g/L of Zeo/ZnONPs + Blue laser

3.77

2.22

3.42

2.69

SD

0.26

0.27

0.27

0.25

Min

3.31

1.87

2.68

2.33

Max

3.82

2.56

3.58

3.11

Artificial saliva

3.88

2.32

2.30

2.36

SD

0.19

0.43

0.21

0.19

Min

3.71

2.02

2.09

2.12

Max

3.93

2.54

2.42

2.54

  1. a Standard deviation
  2. b Minimum
  3. c Maximum