Fig. 2
From: Interplay and cooperation of Helicobacter pylori and gut microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis
The H. pylori infection-related dysbiosis of gut microbiota correlates with the low levels of vitamin B12 (VB12) production. Gastric sinusitis caused by H. pylori infection is also associated with the decreased production and absorption of vitamin VB12. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways and pathways related to metabolisms (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, beta-lactam resistance, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis–globo series, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis–ganglio series, fatty acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, N-glycan biosynthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and other glycan degradation) are increased in H. pylori infection, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathways are decreased in infection with this bacterium. Both H. pylori infection and gut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with the high metabolism of lipid