Fig. 1

Intra- and inter-diversity of growth medium and phylloplane samples. Intra-sample diversity was assessed with amplicon sequence variant (ASV) observations, Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity (b; n = 24, 4 per growth medium and 4 uncultured phylloplane samples). Inter-sample diversity was measured with principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) on a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix (a). The x- and y-axes are indicated by the first and second principal coordinate (PC), respectively, and the values in parentheses show the percentages of the variation explained