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Table 3 Insecticidal activities of virulent secondary metabolites of P. temperata temperata (Ptt) and X. hominickii (Xh) against S. exigua. Virulent metabolites were compared with the reference compound produced by a less virulent X. ehlersii (Xe). Bioassays were conducted by hemocoelic injection to L5 larvae. For each treatment dose, 10 larvae were used

From: Virulent secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic bacteria genera, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, inhibit phospholipase A2 to suppress host insect immunity

Groupa

Compoundb

LD50 (μg/larva)

(95% CI)

Slope ± SE

df

χ2

Ptt + Xh

IND

5.12 (2.51–10.2)

0.50 ± 0.41

3

0.813

CBA

8.52 (4.2–16.4)

0.47 ± 0.44

3

0.774

NPA

12.79 (6.1–24.5)

0.32 ± 0.59

3

0.953

TPL

7.44 (8.8–34.9)

0.44 ± 0.47

3

0.905

IAAH

14.14 (7.6–27.6)

0.31 ± 0.61

3

0.944

MP

15.15 (7.9–30.3)

0.29 ± 0.66

3

0.993

BA

17.93 (9.3–34.7)

0.31 ± 0.63

3

0.940

BH

22.47 (17.4–62.9)

0.35 ± 0.58

3

0.701

Ptt

DHF

4.94 (3.2–8.7)

0.49 ± 0.42

3

0.718

PE

24.28 (12.6–47.5)

0.42 ± 0.49

3

0.819

Xh

EH

8.93 (4.8–17.5)

0.43 ± 0.47

3

0.492

EMP

4.29 (2.1–8.4)

0.36 ± 0.53

3

0.926

Xe

MT

38.75 (20.0–75.6)

0.38 ± 0.54

3

0.691

  1. aGroup is classified by bacterial compounds specific to (1) both Ptt and Xh (‘Ptt + Xh’), (2) only Ptt (‘Ptt’), (3) only Xh (‘Xh’), and (4) common to Ptt, Xh, and Xe (‘Xe’)
  2. bCompound acronyms are: benzyl alcohol (‘BA’), benzeneethanol-4-hydroxy (‘BH’), o-cyanobenzoic acid (‘CBA’), 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (‘DHF’), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (‘EH’), 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenol (‘EMP’), indole-3-aceticacid hydrazide (‘IAAH’), indole (‘IND’), 2-mercaptophenol (‘MP’), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (‘MT’), N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide (‘NPA’), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (‘PE’), and tryptophol (‘TPL’)