Table 1 Resistance-associated genes in Providencia rettgeri strains GMR-RA257 and GMR-RA1153
Resistance category | Resistance gene | Groups/Classes | Gene location (C) Chromosome or (P) Plasmid e | GMR-RA257 a | GMR-RA1153 a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic degradation or modification | blaNDM-1 | β-lactams | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||
blaVIM-2 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
blaCTX-M-15 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
blaCMY-2 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
blaOXA-10 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
blaTEM-1 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
ant(2″)-Ia | Aminoglycosides | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
aph(3′)-VI | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
aac(6′)-Il | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
aadA1 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
sul1 | Sulphonamides | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
sul2 | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
qnrD1 | Fluoroquinolones | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
cmlA1 | Phenicol | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
ARR-2 | Rifampicin | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
tet (59) | Tetracyclines | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
dfrA6 | Trimethoprim | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
Antibiotic target alteration | arnA | Peptide antibiotics | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||
PmrE | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
PmrF | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
LpxA | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
LpxC | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
gyrBb | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
parCb parEb | P P | 100.00 100.00 | 100.00 100.00 | ||||
folP | Sulphonamides | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
murA | Fosfomycin | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
rpoB | Rifamycin | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
rpsL | Aminoglycoside antibiotics | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
tet34 | tetracyclines | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
Efflux pumps | MdtABC-TolC | RNDc | mdtA | Aminocoumarin antibiotics | C | 100.00 | 100.00 |
mdtB | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
mdtC | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
baeR | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
baeS | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
CpxA | C | 99.93 | 99.93 | ||||
CpxR | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
TolC | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
EmrAB-TolC | MFSd | emrA | Fluoroquinolones | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
emrB | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
emrR | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
TolC | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
AcrAB-TolC | RNDb | AcrA | Tetracyclines, cephalosporins, phenicol, rifamycin, fluoroquinolones | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
AcrB | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
AcrR | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
TolC | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
RosAB | MFSd | rosA | peptides | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
rosB | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
EmrD | MFSd | EmrD | antibiotic efflux | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
mdtH | MFSd | mdtH | antibiotic efflux | C | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
cmlA5 | MFSd | cmlA5 | phenicol antibiotic | P | 100.00 | 100.00 | |