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Table 2 Proteins involved in progression and pathogenicity of staphylococcal osteomyelitis infection

From: The role of the msaABCR operon in implant-associated chronic osteomyelitis in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 LAC

Proteins that interacts with bone matrix and osteoblasts cells

MSCRAMM(s)

Functional response

Mean peptide spectral count

References

Planktonic condition

Biofilm condition

  

USA300 LAC

msaABCR mutant

USA300 LAC

msaABCR mutant

 

Fibronectin binding protein A (FnbA)

Internalization

2

0

81

128

[42, 43]

Fibronectin binding protein B (FnbB)

Internalization

–

–

0

11*

[42, 43]

Serine-aspartate repeat-containing proteins (SdrC)

Colonization

0

8*

–

–

[43]

Serine-aspartate repeat-containing proteins (SdrD)

Colonization

36

12*

0

2

[43]

Extracellular matrix binding protein (Embp)

Colonization

7

2*

0

3*

[44]

Toxins and exoproteins involved in osteoblast cytotoxicity and induce osteoclastogenesis

Toxins / exoproteins

     

Alpha hemolysin (Hla)

Osteoblast/osteoclast cell death

19

6*

–

–

[45, 46]

Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)

Persistence of infection

37

24

203

308

[20, 21, 47, 48]

Uncharacterized leukocidin-like protein 1 (LukL1)

Osteoblast cytotoxicity

215

83*

232

332

[20, 48]

Staphylococcal protein A (SpA)

Induction of bone loss (apoptosis) and bone destruction (osteoclastogenesis), inhibits mineralization

–

–

12

5*

[47, 49, 50]

Other virulence factors that plays role in osteomyelitis infection and immune evasion

Virulence factors

     

Serine protease (sspA)

modulates secreted osteolytic factors

0

38*

–

–

[46, 51,52,53]

Cysteine protease (SspB)

12

66*

–

–

 

Cysteine protease (SspC)

0

12*

7

22*

 

Aureolysin (Aur)

0

60*

–

–

 

Staphopain A

immunomodulatory protein that blocks neutrophil recruitment

37

31

0

5*

[54]

Map protein

Immunomodulators interfering T cell mediated response

85

0*

116

0*

[55]

Immunoglobulin-binding protein sbi

Immune evasion factor

46

19*

98

114

[56]

Clumping factor A (ClfA)

Unknown

11

6

16

5*

[57]

Clumping factor B (ClfB)

Unknown

9

3*

33

44

[57]

  1. Proteins differentially expressed ≥2-fold is considered significant (*) and is shown in bold