Table 1 Histopathological parameters and scoring system to evaluate bone damage as previously described by Smeltzer et al. [41]

Intraosseous acute inflammation (IAI):

 0 Not present

 1 Minimal-to-mild inflammation with no intramedullary abscess

 2 Moderate-to-severe inflammation with no intramedullary abscess

 3 Minimal-to-mild inflammation with intramedullary abscess

 4 Moderate-to-severe inflammation with intramedullary abscess

Intraosseous chronic inflammation (ICI):

 0 Not present

 1 Minimal-to-mild chronic inflammation with no significant intramedullary fibrosis

 2 Moderate-to-severe chronic inflammation with no significant intramedullary fibrosis

 3 Minimal-to-mild chronic inflammation with significant intramedullary fibrosis

 4 Moderate-to-severe chronic inflammation with significant intramedullary fibrosis

Periosteal inflammation (PI):

 0 Not present

 1 Minimal-to-mild inflammation with no subperiosteal abscess formation

 2 Moderate-to-severe inflammation with no subperiosteal abscess formation

 3 Minimal-to-mild inflammation with subperiosteal abscess formation

 4 Moderate-to-severe inflammation with subperiosteal abscess formation

Bone necrosis (BN):

 0 No evidence of necrosis

 1 Single focus of necrosis without sequestrum formation

 2 Multiple foci of necrosis without sequestrum formation

 3 Single focus of sequestrum

 4 Multiple foci of sequestra