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Fig. 4 | BMC Microbiology

Fig. 4

From: Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles enhance immunomodulation and antimicrobial activity in RAW264.7 macrophages

Fig. 4

EcN_OMVs modulate immune-related enzymatic and phagocytic activities in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with EcN_OMVs and heat-killed EcN for 16 h. After these stimulations, cell supernatants and lysates were collected for examining the following indicators: a ACP activity in cell lysates; b NO production in cell supernatants; c iNOS activity in cell lysates. d Phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells to FITC-labeled dextran at 16 h after stimulations with EcN_OMVs and heat-killed EcN. Data are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS., not significant; versus control

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