Fig. 3

PRM induces TNF-α production in macrophages. a. Cytotoxicity assay of PRM at 100 μg/ml on J774 macrophages assessed by LDH activity for 1, 2, and 3 h. Ctl + positive control: maximal cell lysis induced by addition of a detergent. b. J774 macrophages were incubated with PRM (100 μg/ml) for 1, 2 and 3 h and cytokines were determined in the culture supernatants. MO: macrophage only. Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Asterisks denote values statistically different from control. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01