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Fig. 4 | BMC Microbiology

Fig. 4

From: Opportunistic detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a marker for the early gut microbial dysbiosis

Fig. 4

Microbial biomarkers for inflammatory conditions highly correlated with F. nucleatum. a Screening non-IBD or IBD marker species by LEfSe algorithm. Y-axis indicated logarithmic linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score. b Number of detected marker species per sample by inflammatory condition. c Logarithmic detection ratio of IBD/non-IBD marker species detected depending on the experience of F. nucleatum. Pseudo-count 1 was added to denominator and numerator to avoid infinite value. d Logarithmic detection ratio of IBD/non-IBD marker species by temporal distribution toward F. nucleatum detection. e Distribution of IBD and non-IBD marker species along temporal proximity to F. nucleatum observation in F. nucleatum-experienced subjects (solid lines). Dotted lines indicate the median number of detected marker species in F. nucleatum-innocent subjects (red: IBD biomarkers, blue: non-IBD biomarker). Gray arrow shows the comparison of the number of detected IBD biomarker in F. nucleatum-experienced and -innocent subjects. f Relationship between Spearman correlation coefficients of biomarker species with F. nucleatum and differential enrichment p-value of the microbes in IBD or non-IBD condition. Circle size denotes the number of detection (NOD) of the microbe across whole samples. g Logarithmic abundance of four representative IBD and non-IBD marker species along the temporal axis centered at F. nucleatum-detection. Blue line indicates non-IBD and red line, IBD. Font color for microbes indicates marker classes (blue for non-IBD; dark red for IBD). * indicates p-value < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001

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