Wheat phyllosphere yeasts degrade propiconazole

Kucharska, Katarzyna; Wachowska, Urszula; Czaplicki, Sylwester

doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01885-6

BMC Microbiology

Table 2 Yeast strains isolated from wheat leaves and used in the disk diffusion test (A) and the survival test in a liquid medium with propiconazole (B)

From: Wheat phyllosphere yeasts degrade propiconazole

Isolate	Origin			Year of isolation	Sensitivity to fungicides in the disk diffusion test ^A	Survival in a liquid medium ^B
Isolate	En/Ep ^∂	Treatment ^Ψ	Wheat growth stage	Year of isolation	Sensitivity to fungicides in the disk diffusion test ^A	Survival in a liquid medium ^B
Aureobasidium pullulans 14	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 15	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 16	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 17	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 18	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 19	En	Control	BBCH 49	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 39	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 40	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 41	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 42	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 43	En	Fung 1	BBCH49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 44	En	Fung 1	BBCH49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 45	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 46	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 47	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2009	HS	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 48	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 49	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 50	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 51	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 52	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 53	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Cryprococcus sp. 54	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis Rg 55	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	100
Rhodotorula glutinis 56	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	–
Rhodotorulla glutinis 57	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 58	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	NS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 59	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	200
Aureobasidium pullulans 60	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 61	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 62	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 63	En	Control	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 81	En	Fung 3	BBCH 55	2009	S	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 82	En	Fung 3	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 83	En	Fung 3	BBCH 55	2009	NS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 84	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 85	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 86	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 87	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 88	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 89	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 90	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 91	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	NS	–
Rhodotorula glutinis Rg 92	En	Fung 4	BBCH 55	2009	NS	100
Rhodotorula glutinis 102	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 103	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2009	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 104	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2009	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 105	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2009	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 111	Ep	Control	BBCH 73	2009	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 113	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 73	2009	NS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 132	En	Fung 1	BBCH 37	2010	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 135	Ep	Fung 1	BBCH 37	2010	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis136	En	Fung 2	BBCH 37	2010	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 137	Ep	Control	BBCH 49	2010	NS	–
Cryptococcus sp.138	Ep	Control	BBCH 49	2010	S	–
Debaryomyces hansenii 154	Ep	Fung 3	BBCH 55	2010	S	–
Candida albicans155	Ep	Fung 3	BBCH 55	2010	S	–
Cryptococcus sp. 163	En	Fung 3	BBCH 61	2010	NS	100
Debaryomyces hansenii 164	En	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2010	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 166	En	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2010	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 168	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 61	2010	S	–
Rhodotorula glutinis 176	En	Fung 2	BBCH 31	2011	NS	100
Rhodotorula glutinis 177	En	Fung 2	BBCH 31	2011	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 185	En	Fung 1	BBCH 37	2011	S	–
Pseudozyma sp.186	Ep	Fung 2	BBCH 37	2011	HS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 187	En	Control	BBCH 49	2011	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 190	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2011	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 191	En	Fung 1	BBCH 49	2011	NS	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 203	En	Control	BBCH 61	2011	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 210	Ep	Fung 4	BBCH 73	2011	S	–
Aureobasidium pullulans 211	En	Fung 4	BBCH 73	2011	HS	–
Cryptococcus sp. 212	Ep	Fung 3	BBCH 73	2011	S	–
Cryptococcus sp. 48	En	Control	BBCH 73	2010	NS	100
Cryptococcus sp. C 123	En	Control	BBCH 73	2011	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 83	Ep	Control	BBCH 73	2010	NS	100
Aureobasidium pullulans 137	Ep	Control	BBCH 73	2011	NS	100

^∂ En - endophyte, Ep – epiphyte, ^Y refer to Table 5, ^A NS – non-sensitive, no inhibition zone around discs saturated with all tested fungicides; S – sensitive, inhibition zone of 1–250 mm²; HS – highly sensitive, inhibition zone > 250 mm²
^B 100 – isolates growing in a liquid medium containing 100 μl dm⁻³ of propiconazole, 200 – isolates growing in a liquid medium containing 200 μl dm⁻³ of propiconazole, “-” – not analyzed
BBCH 31 - First node at least 1 cm above tillering node; BBCH 37 - flag leaf just visible, still rolled; BBCH 49 - first awns visible (in awned forms only); BBCH 55 - middle of heading: half of inflorescence emerged; BBCH 61 - beginning of flowering: first anthers visible; BBCH 73 - early milk; BBCH 93 - grains loosening in day-time

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