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Table 2 Morphological analysis of B. pseudomallei strains in the presence of AMC and CAZ

From: Optical microscopy reveals the dynamic nature of B. pseudomallei morphology during β-lactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Strain

AMC MIC

(μg/ml)

Filamentation (4 h)

Time (h) cell lysis begins

½ MIC

MIC

MIC

2x MIC

4x MIC

# Cells ≥ 15 μm

Median CL (μm)

# Cells ≥ 15 μm

Median CL (μm)

Bp1651

64/32 (R)

6/100

5

0/100

4

3.7 ± 0.0

not tested

not tested

MSHR1655

32/16 (R)

62/100

19.5

61/100

19

6.1 ± 0.2

4.0 ± 0.3

not tested

724644

16/8 (I)

93/100

59

24/100

6

4.8 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 0.2

2.9 ± 0.2

6788

8/4 (S)

86/97

43

82/100

42.5

remains filamentous

filaments and spheroplasts

only spheroplasts

1026b

4/2 (S)

42/100

12

80/97

44

remains filamentous

remains filamentous

5.2 ± 0.4

Strain

CAZ MIC

(μg/ml)

Filamentation (4 h)

Time (h) cell lysis begins

½ MIC

MIC

MIC

2x MIC

4x MIC

# Cells ≥ 15 μm

Median CL (μm)

# Cells ≥ 15 μm

Median CL (μm)

 Bp1651

> 128 (R)

49/100*

14*

39/100*

10.5*

filaments and spheroplasts*

not tested

not tested

 724644

8 (S)

93/100

56.5

95/100

59.5

remains filamentous

remains filamentous

remains filamentous

 MSHR1655

4 (S)

48/100

13

61/100

22

8.2 ± 0.4

8.0 ± 0.0

8.0 ± 0.3

 1026b

2 (S)

28/100

8

94/100

36

remains filamentous

remains filamentous

remains filamentous

  1. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) and ceftazidime (CAZ) were determined by conventional BMD testing based on CLSI guidelines. Susceptibility interpretations are defined as resistant (R), intermediate (I), or susceptible (S). Cell length (CL) was measured at time 4 h and median cell length at MICs was calculated (n = 95 to 100 cells). Time to cell lysis is represented as the mean ± SD of triplicate samples based on growth kinetic data and visual observation of video imaging. (*) filamentation and cell lysis data in the presence of CAZ was calculated using a value of 128 μg/ml for the MIC due to concentration range in drug panel for testing. Underlined drug concentration indicates breakpoint for susceptibility