Fig. 1From: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sseK3 induces apoptosis and enhances glycolysis in macrophagesFlow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in RAW264.1 macrophages infected with WT S. Typhimurium, ΔsseK3 mutant, or complemented strains. RAW264.1 macrophages were incubated for 4 h with WT S. Typhimurium, ΔsseK3 mutant, or sseK3 complemented strains. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. (a) Representative dot plots showing Annexin V-FITC /PI staining. The upper left quadrant (Q1) contains the necrotic (Annexin V-FITC−/PI+) population, the upper right quadrant (Q2) contains the late apoptotic (Annexin V-FITC+/PI+) population, and the lower right quadrant (Q3) contains the early apoptotic (Annexin V-FITC+/PI-) population. The lower left quadrant (Q4) contains the healthy (double negative) population. (b) Percentage of apoptosis in cells exposed to different bacteria determined by flow cytometric analysis. After 4 h of incubation, the apoptosis rate in the ΔsseK3 mutant group was significantly lower than that in the WT and sseK3-complemented groups (***P < 0.001). Data from three independent experiments were used to determine percentage of apoptotic cells. Error bars indicate the SD from three independent experimentsBack to article page