Fig. 3

Association of human milk fungi presence with milk components and other factors. a Relative abundances and b Absolute concentrations of Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) and Lacto-N-hexaose (LNH) based on milk fungi presence tested by ANOVA. c Prediction accuracy of fungi presence based on unsupervised variable selection by LASSO. The selected variables were classified as: environmental (study site, population density, season, residential vegetation); bacterial (bacterial taxonomic cluster and bacterial composition outlier); HMOs (DSLNT and LNH); maternal and infant (intrapartum antibiotics, child antibiotics at 3 months, maternal asthma, and maternal atopy)