Fig. 6

Potential biomarkers for HIV infection by LEfSe. a) Histogram of differentially abundant taxa in penile microbiota of men with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and b) a six-level cladogram with a taxonomic hierarchical structure. Each coloured solid represents a taxon and its diameter is proportional to the taxon’s relative abundance. Blue and green solids represent statistically significant taxon ranks in men with and without HIV infection, respectively. Only differentially abundant features at logarithmic LDA scores > 2.0 or < − 2.0 are shown. Asterisks indicate significantly differentially abundant taxa with q < 0.2 after FDR correction