Fig. 1

The previous works of Dong et al. [14] and Tamborrini et al. [16] showed anthrose is encoded by a four-gene operon and the West African lineages display a number of mutations, such as the two SNPS shown at positions 892 and 1352 of the BAS3321 gene (red), which prevent anthrose expression. These same mutations are present in Nigerian strains [17]