Fig. 4

Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 10548 biofilms with ceftazidime at 40 mg L^-1, showing antimicrobial kinetics when used against established maturing biofilms (30 h) and early stage biofilms (6 h), compared to untreated controls. (n = 3 per time point per condition; mean ± SD). Arrows indicate treatment start times. Treatment started at 30 h resulted in a 1.2 log reduction in total biofilm density at 72 h, compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). Treatment started at 6 h resulted in a 1.6 log reduction in total biofilm density at 72 h, compared to untreated controls (p < 0.01). No significant difference (p > 0.05) between treated groups at 72 h