Fig. 1
PDTC, RA, AA and GSH reverse growth inhibitory effects caused by FLC. a 10,000 cells of Cryptococcus neoformans wild type strain (H99) were spread on YPD semi-solid media (Control) or YPD media supplemented with FLC at 32 μg/mL alone or with addition of tested antioxidant compounds as indicated. Growth inhibition was observed in the presence of FLC and restored growth was observed to various degrees in the presence of antioxidants at 48 h after plating. The presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) at 10 mM, Retinoic Acid (RA) at 1 mM, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate (PDTC) at 10 μM led to the greatest growth rescue while glutathione (GSH) at 10 mM showed marginalized recovery from FLC treatment. b Cells were treated with the chemicals as indicated in a, except in liquid cultures at room temperature. (250 C) for 16 h. Cells treated with FLC at 32 μg/mL became clustered and multi-budded (depicted by arrows) indicative of compromised cytokinesis. Wild type morphology of cells incubated in the presence of FLC and the antioxidants suggests that the antioxidants rescued cells from cytokinesis defects caused by FLC. c Graph showing distribution of cell aggregates in population of cells treated as in b. Addition of an antioxidant (especially, PDTC, RA, and AA) reduced the number of cell aggregates. Bars indicate 20 μm