Epidemiology of paediatric gastrointestinal colonisation by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in north-west Cambodia

J. J. van Aartsen; C. E. Moore; C. M. Parry; P. Turner; N. Phot; S. Mao; K. Suy; T. Davies; A. Giess; A. E. Sheppard; T. E. A. Peto; N. P. J. Day; D. W. Crook; A. S. Walker; N. Stoesser

doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1431-9

Table 1 Clinical and epidemiological details of all 148 participants, also categorised by presence/absence of gastrointestinal colonisation with ESC-resistant E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae, and multivariable logistic regression outcomes

From: Epidemiology of paediatric gastrointestinal colonisation by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in north-west Cambodia

	Overall (n = 148)	ESC-R E. coli/K. pneumoniae colonised (n = 82; 55%)	ESC-R E. coli/K. pneumoniae non-colonised (n = 66; 45%)	Univariable logistic regression for ESC-R carriage		Multivariable logistic regression for ESC-R carriage^d
	Number (%) unless otherwise specified	n (%)	n (%)	OR [95% CI]	p	OR [95% CI]	p
Median age [IQR], years	4.24 [1.10–8.82]	3.07 [0.97–7.21]	6.23 [1.32–9.23]	1.00 [1.00–1.00]	0.712
Male	70 (47)	35 (43)	35 (53)	0.66 [0.34–1.27]	0.211	0.39 [0.18–0.84]	0.015
Inpatient^a	70 (48)	49 (60)	20 (32)	3.28 [1.66–6.50]	0.001	3.64 [1.71–7.74]	0.001
Province
Siem Reap	99 (67)	51 (62)	48 (72)	1
Other (versus Siem Reap)^e	49 (33)	31 (38)	18 (28)	1.06 [0.72–1.58]	0.716
Malnutrition	16 (11)	12 (15)	4 (6)	2.66 [0.81–8.67]	0.105
Co-morbidities^f	25 (17)	19 (23)	6 (9)	3.01 [1.13–8.06]	0.028
Diarrhoea present^b	70 (48)	44 (54)	26 (40)	1.78 [0.92–3.46]	0.086
Water sources
Well	123 (83)	64 (78)	59 (89)	0.42 [0.16–1.08]	0.073
Bottled	17 (11)	13 (16)	4 (6)	2.92 [0.90–9.43]	0.073
River	5 (3)	3 (4)	2 (3)	1.22 [0.20–7.49]	0.834
Rain	8 (5)	5 (6)	3 (5)	1.36 [0.31–5.93]	0.680
School attendance	71 (48)	32 (39)	39 (59)	0.44 [0.23–0.86]	0.016	0.39 [0.18–0.83]	0.015
All animals	119 (80)	65 (79)	54 (82)
Domestic animals	113 (76)	61 (74)	50 (79)	0.78 [0.36–1.69]	0.532
Cat	51 (34)	32 (39)	19 (29)	1.58 [0.79–3.17]	0.194
Dog	100 (68)	57 (70)	43 (65)	1.22 [0.61–2.43]	0.573
Birds	24 (16)	12 (15)	12 (18)	0.77 [0.32–1.85]	0.561
Livestock/food animals	89 (60)	54 (66)	35 (53)	1.71 [0.88–3.32	0.114
Water buffalo	4 (3)	3 (4)	1 (1)	2.47 [0.25–24.3]	0.439
Chickens	80 (54)	49 (60)	31 (47)	1.67 [0.87–3.23]	0.122
Pigs	23 (16)	14 (17)	9 (14)	1.30 [0.53–3.23]	0.567
Ducks	2 (1)	2 (2)	0	1 (omitted)
Cattle	24 (16)	15 (18)	9 (14)	1.42 [0.58–3.48]	0.446
Use of toilet for defecation	88 (59)	45 (54)	42 (65)	0.65 [0.33–1.27]	0.207
Use of soap^c
Never	34 (23)	18 (23)	16 (25)	1
Some use (versus Never)	111 (77)	62 (76)	49 (75)	1.12 [0.52–2.43]	0.765
Presence of intestinal parasites	36 (24)	25 (30.49)	11 (17.19)	2.19 [0.99–4.88]	0.054	3.96 [1.55–10.12]	0.004

^amissing one datapoint (n = 147)
^bmissing two datapoints (n = 146)
^cmissing three datapoints (n = 145)
^dBackwards elimination performed using 144 cases for which complete information available, on all predictors, using exit p ≤ 0.1. Final model then incorporated 147 cases for which complete information available on included predictors (gender, inpatient status, presence of intestinal parasites and school attendance)
^e“Other province” category includes: Banteay Meanchey (n = 21), Oddar Meanchey (8), Kampong Thom (6), Battambang (5), Preah Vihear (3), Kampong Cham (2), Kampong Chhang (1), Pursat (1), Other (2)
^fIncludes: HIV (n = 5), blood dyscrasia (3), Down’s syndrome (2), congenital heart disease (6), tuberculosis (4), asthma (2), other (8); five individuals had multiple co-morbidities
p-values < 0.05 in bold

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