Overall (n = 148) |
ESC-R E. coli/K. pneumoniae colonised (n = 82; 55%) |
ESC-R E. coli/K. pneumoniae non-colonised (n = 66; 45%) | Univariable logistic regression for ESC-R carriage | Multivariable logistic regression for ESC-R carriaged | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) unless otherwise specified | n (%) | n (%) | OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | |
Median age [IQR], years | 4.24 [1.10–8.82] | 3.07 [0.97–7.21] | 6.23 [1.32–9.23] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.712 | ||
Male | 70 (47) | 35 (43) | 35 (53) | 0.66 [0.34–1.27] | 0.211 | 0.39 [0.18–0.84] | 0.015 |
Inpatienta | 70 (48) | 49 (60) | 20 (32) | 3.28 [1.66–6.50] | 0.001 | 3.64 [1.71–7.74] | 0.001 |
Province | |||||||
Siem Reap | 99 (67) | 51 (62) | 48 (72) | 1 | |||
Other (versus Siem Reap)e | 49 (33) | 31 (38) | 18 (28) | 1.06 [0.72–1.58] | 0.716 | ||
Malnutrition | 16 (11) | 12 (15) | 4 (6) | 2.66 [0.81–8.67] | 0.105 | ||
Co-morbiditiesf | 25 (17) | 19 (23) | 6 (9) | 3.01 [1.13–8.06] | 0.028 | ||
Diarrhoea presentb | 70 (48) | 44 (54) | 26 (40) | 1.78 [0.92–3.46] | 0.086 | ||
Water sources | |||||||
Well | 123 (83) | 64 (78) | 59 (89) | 0.42 [0.16–1.08] | 0.073 | ||
Bottled | 17 (11) | 13 (16) | 4 (6) | 2.92 [0.90–9.43] | 0.073 | ||
River | 5 (3) | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | 1.22 [0.20–7.49] | 0.834 | ||
Rain | 8 (5) | 5 (6) | 3 (5) | 1.36 [0.31–5.93] | 0.680 | ||
School attendance | 71 (48) | 32 (39) | 39 (59) | 0.44 [0.23–0.86] | 0.016 | 0.39 [0.18–0.83] | 0.015 |
All animals | 119 (80) | 65 (79) | 54 (82) | ||||
Domestic animals | 113 (76) | 61 (74) | 50 (79) | 0.78 [0.36–1.69] | 0.532 | ||
Cat | 51 (34) | 32 (39) | 19 (29) | 1.58 [0.79–3.17] | 0.194 | ||
Dog | 100 (68) | 57 (70) | 43 (65) | 1.22 [0.61–2.43] | 0.573 | ||
Birds | 24 (16) | 12 (15) | 12 (18) | 0.77 [0.32–1.85] | 0.561 | ||
Livestock/food animals | 89 (60) | 54 (66) | 35 (53) | 1.71 [0.88–3.32 | 0.114 | ||
Water buffalo | 4 (3) | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | 2.47 [0.25–24.3] | 0.439 | ||
Chickens | 80 (54) | 49 (60) | 31 (47) | 1.67 [0.87–3.23] | 0.122 | ||
Pigs | 23 (16) | 14 (17) | 9 (14) | 1.30 [0.53–3.23] | 0.567 | ||
Ducks | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 | 1 (omitted) | |||
Cattle | 24 (16) | 15 (18) | 9 (14) | 1.42 [0.58–3.48] | 0.446 | ||
Use of toilet for defecation | 88 (59) | 45 (54) | 42 (65) | 0.65 [0.33–1.27] | 0.207 | ||
Use of soapc | |||||||
Never | 34 (23) | 18 (23) | 16 (25) | 1 | |||
Some use (versus Never) | 111 (77) | 62 (76) | 49 (75) | 1.12 [0.52–2.43] | 0.765 | ||
Presence of intestinal parasites | 36 (24) | 25 (30.49) | 11 (17.19) | 2.19 [0.99–4.88] | 0.054 | 3.96 [1.55–10.12] | 0.004 |