Fig. 5

Flow chart of participating children. A cohort of healthy children aged 1 to 6 years was established. Each child was included for a one-year period with a follow-up point every second month with submission of a fecal sample and a questionnaire. In total, 2160 children were invited to participate in the cohort, 200 (9.6%) accepted the invitation, and of these 175 (87.5%) submitted at least one sample. Of these 32 (18.3%) submitted 5 (1) or 6 (31) fecal samples, and the samples (n = 191) from these children were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing