Fig. 4
Effects of different cultivations modes on functional bacteria. Note: a–i Log10 represent DNA gene copies of total bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., A. hydrophila, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. in the mucosa and water, respectively. Log10 DNA gene copies quantification data were normalized to the standard curve lines and presented with the means ± standard deviation (n = 40). Summer/t and Summer/c represent the paddy and pond samples in summer, respectively; Autumn/t and Autumn/c represent the paddy and pond samples in autumn, respectively. In the summer samples, * indicate P < 0.05, ** indicate P < 0.01; in the autumn samples, # indicate P < 0.05, ## indicate P < 0.01