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Table 2 Gene-ontology (GO) terms of intragenic and non-homoplastic variants (SNPs and InDels) fixed in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Dublin versus all the others genomes (Ontology 1 called ‘Dub_All’), Pullorum/Gallinarum versus Enteritidis (Ontology 2 called ‘Ent_Pull/Gall’), Pullorum versus Gallinarum (Ontology 3 called ‘Pull_Gall’), and Gallinarum versus Pullorum (Ontology 4 called ‘Gall_Pull’)

From: First gene-ontology enrichment analysis based on bacterial coregenome variants: insights into adaptations of Salmonella serovars to mammalian- and avian-hosts

Gene-ontology enrichment analysis

GO ID

GO-term

Number of hits

Expected number of hits

GO-level

p-value

Corrected p-value

Ontology

1

GO:0006105

succinate metabolic process

36

14.692

8

5.8×10−13

8.1×10−10

BP

 

GO:0006307

DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair

4

1.433

9

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

BP

 

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

61

40.850

8

3.9×10−05

5.5×10−02

BP

 

GO:0006520

cellular amino acid metabolic process

533

445.766

7

6.4×10−08

9.0×10−05

BP

 

GO:0006525

arginine metabolic process

104

53.392

10

8.4×10−18

1.1×10−14

BP

 

GO:0006527

arginine catabolic process

62

25.800

11

1.3×10−19

1.9×10−16

BP

 

GO:0006545

glycine biosynthetic process

5

1.792

11

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

BP

 

GO:0006560

proline metabolic process

81

46.583

10

2.4×10−10

3.4×10−07

BP

 

GO:0006562

proline catabolic process

27

12.183

11

3.4×10−08

4.9×10−05

BP

 

GO:0009064

glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

190

116.817

9

4.6×10−17

6.5×10−14

BP

 

GO:0009065

glutamine family amino acid catabolic process

89

37.983

10

2.4×10−25

3.4×10−22

BP

 

GO:0009233

menaquinone metabolic process

27

13.258

6

9.0×10−07

1.2×10−03

BP

 

GO:0009234

menaquinone biosynthetic process

27

13.258

7

9.0×10−07

1.2×10−03

BP

 

GO:0010133

proline catabolic process to glutamate

27

12.183

11

3.4×10−08

4.9×10−05

BP

 

GO:0019544

arginine catabolic process to glutamate

10

3.942

12

1.2×10−05

1.7×10−02

BP

 

GO:0019545

arginine catabolic process to succinate

36

14.692

9

5.8×10−13

8.1×10−10

BP

 

GO:0035510

DNA dealkylation

4

1.433

8

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

BP

 

GO:1,901,565

organonitrogen compound catabolic process

162

112.517

5

3.8×10−09

5.3×10−06

BP

 

GO:1,901,605

alpha-amino acid metabolic process

320

240.441

8

8.0×10−11

1.1×10−07

BP

 

GO:1,901,606

alpha-amino acid catabolic process

100

62.350

9

1.9×10−09

2.7×10−06

BP

 

GO:0009379

Holliday junction helicase complex

4

1.408

5

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

CC

 

GO:0003842

1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity

27

12.957

6

1.5×10−07

1.8×10−04

MF

 

GO:0003908

methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity

4

1.524

7

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004020

adenylylsulfate kinase activity

4

1.524

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004072

aspartate kinase activity

6

2.286

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004372

glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

5

1.905

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004412

homoserine dehydrogenase activity

6

2.286

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004657

proline dehydrogenase activity

27

12.957

5

1.5×10−07

1.8×10−04

MF

 

GO:0004743

pyruvate kinase activity

10

3.811

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0004815

aspartate-tRNA ligase activity

5

1.905

7

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0008770

[acyl-carrier-protein] phosphodiesterase activity

4

1.524

7

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0009015

N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity

12

4.954

6

3.5×10−06

4.1×10−03

MF

 

GO:0009017

succinylglutamate desuccinylase activity

10

4.192

6

2.4×10−05

2.8×10−02

MF

 

GO:0015166

polyol transmembrane transporter activity

12

4.573

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0015169

glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

12

4.573

8

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0015430

glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity

6

2.286

9

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0015605

organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

12

4.573

5

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0016749

N-succinyltransferase activity

5

1.905

7

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

 

GO:0018480

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

8

3.049

6

1.0×10−42

1.0×10−39

MF

2

GO:0003973

(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity

4

0.013

6

1.1×10−12

1.3×10−09

MF

 

GO:0016899

oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

4

0.013

5

1.1×10−12

1.3×10−09

MF

3

GO:0043603

cellular amide metabolic process

36

17.451

5

1.9×10−05

2.7×10−02

BP

 

GO:0006428

isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

4

0.445

11

4.7×10−05

6.7×10−02

BP

 

GO:0006522

alanine metabolic process

4

0.376

10

1.8×10−05

2.5×10−02

BP

 

GO:0009078

pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

4

0.376

9

1.8×10−05

2.5×10−02

BP

 

GO:0004822

isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

4

0.475

7

6.5×10−05

7.5×10−02

MF

 

GO:0015079

potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

8

1.680

9

3.7×10−05

4.2×10−02

MF

 

GO:0008079

translation termination factor activity

5

0.657

7

3.0×10−05

3.4×10−02

MF

 

GO:0003747

translation release factor activity

5

0.657

8

3.0×10−05

3.4×10−02

MF

4

GO:0043603

cellular amide metabolic process

36

17.473

5

2.0×10−05

2.8×10−02

BP

 

GO:0006428

isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

4

0.445

11

4.8×10−05

6.7×10−02

BP

 

GO:0006522

alanine metabolic process

4

0.377

10

1.8×10−05

2.5×10−02

BP

 

GO:0009078

pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

4

0.377

9

1.8×10−05

2.5×10−02

BP

 

GO:0004822

isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

4

0.475

7

6.5×10−05

7.5×10−02

MF

 

GO:0015079

potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

8

1.681

9

3.7×10−05

4.2×10−02

MF

 

GO:0008079

translation termination factor activity

5

0.658

7

3.0×10−05

3.4×10−02

MF

 

GO:0003747

translation release factor activity

5

0.658

8

3.0×10−05

3.4×10−02

MF

  1. The identification of variants, detection of fixed variants, assignment of GO-terms to variants, and gene-ontology enrichment analysis were performed with the scripts ‘VARCall’, ‘phyloFixedVar’, ‘GetGOxML’, and ‘EveryGO’, respectively. The level, biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC) of GO-terms are represented. The p-values of hypergeometric tests were adjusted by Bonferroni correction. The lowest corrected p-values representing GO-terms highly impacted by fixed variants (i.e. < 5.0×10-2), the highest GO-levels presenting the most accurate GO-terms (i.e. ≥ 5), and the highest number of hits representing relevant GO-terms quantitatively (i.e. ≥ 4) are presented