Table 2 Differences in demographic characteristics between the baseline and subset group

 Male, n (%)

55 (86)

17 (85)

0.92^a

 Age (mo.), mean ± SD

62.50 ± 16.34

66.40 ± 13.69

0.29^a

 < 3

3 (5)

0 (0)

0.80^a

 3-

9 (14)

1 (5)

 4-

17 (26)

6 (30)

 5-

19 (30)

7 (35)

 6-

10 (16)

4 (20)

 7–9

6 (9)

2 (10)

 Z_HA

0.02 ± 1.20

0.33 ± 1.04

0.26^a

 Z_WA

0.49 ± 1.27

1.06 ± 1.06

0.05^a

 Z_BMIA

0.70 ± 1.39

1.25 ± 1.23

0.09^a

 ABC

65.33 ± 21.00

59.80 ± 21.31

0.31^a

 CARS

35.40 ± 9.42

38.07 ± 10.40

0.59^a

 SRS

99.45 ± 26.41

104.4 ± 31.94

0.53^a

 CD38/Actin

0.53 ± 0.46

0.43 ± 0.51

0.43^a

 RORA/Actin

1.49 ± 2.39

1.61 ± 2.35

0.84^a

 Plasma retinol level (μmol/L), mean ± SD

0.59 ± 0.19

0.49 ± 0.13

0.01^*

 Middle school or below

23 (36)

6 (30)

0.62^a

 High school

17 (27)

6 (30)

 College or above

24 (37)

8 (40)

 Middle school or below

18 (28)

5 (25)

0.38^a

 High school

24 (38)

6 (30)

 College or above

22 (34)

9 (45)

 < 10,000

15 (23)

5 (25)

0.81^a

 10,000–40,000

28 (44)

9 (45)

 > 40,000

21 (33)

6 (30)