Table 1 Characteristics of study participants with gut microbiota data completing the study (n = 201)
Parameter | Probiotics group (n = 103) | Placebo group (n = 98) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Girls (%) | 45.6 | 46.9 | 0.888a |
Boys (%) | 54.4 | 53.1 | |
Mode of delivery | |||
C-section (%) | 23.3 | 15.3 | 0.159a |
Vaginal (%) | 76.7 | 84.7 | |
Older siblings | |||
Siblings (%) | 48.5 | 43.9 | 0.572a |
No siblings (%) | 51.5 | 56.1 | |
Introduction of selected foods | |||
Cow’s milk (median months, IQR) | 8.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (6.0–11.0) | 0.947b |
Meat (median months, IQR) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 0.242b |
Fish (median months, IQR) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 0.544b |
Breastfeeding prevalence | |||
1st visit (%) | 54.4 | 46.9 | 0.325a |
2nd visit (%) | 13.6 | 9.2 | 0.380a |
Age | |||
1st visit (median months, IQR) | 10.0 (9.5–10.4) | 9.8 (9.5–10.4) | 0.462b |
Start daycare (median months, IQR) | 10.4 (9.9–11.2) | 10.3 (9.9–11.1) | 0.309b |
2nd visit (median months, IQR) | 16.1 (15.6–16.5) | 16.0 (15.6–16.4) | 0.510b |
Compliance | |||
2nd visit (median % of consumed sticks, IQR) | 97 (93–99) | 98 (94–100) | 0.417b |