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Table 2 Endophytic bacterial isolates from salad vegetables and their known characteristics

From: Prevalence of plant beneficial and human pathogenic bacteria isolated from salad vegetables in India

Bacterial isolate

Descriptiona

Source vegetable

Isolate ID

Dilution

GenBank accession no.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Opportunistic pathogen; associated with conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, dacryrocystitis, cellulitis and endophthalmitis

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Onion,

Tomato

SBANHCA1, SBANHCa5, SBANHCa6, SBANHCa13,

SBANHO7,

SBANHT8

Crude,

Crude,

Crude,

10-2,

Crude,

Crude

KJ923784, KJ923788, KJ923789, KJ923796,

KJ923776,

KR186173

Staphylococcus aureus

Opportunistic pathogen; causes food poisoning, skin infection, pneumonia, septicemia, pyogenic infection, toxic shock syndrome and bacteremia

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Onion,

Tomato,

SBANHCA2, SBANHCa10, SBANHCa11,

SBANHO2,

SBANHT3,

Crude,

Crude,

10-2,

Crude,

Crude,

KJ923785, KJ923793, KJ923794,

KJ923771,

KR186184,

Terribacillus saccharophilus

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Tomato

SBANST6

Crude

KR259242

Bacillus tequilensis

Plant growth promoting bacteria; nitrogen fixing

Tomato

SBANST6a

Crude

KR259246

Salmonella enterica

Highly pathogenic; causes food and water borne disease in human and animals; causes gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, enteric fever

Carrot,

Carrot

SBANHCA3, SBANHCa4

Crude, Crude

KJ923786, KJ923787

Enterobacter aerogenes

Opportunistic pathogen; causes urinary tract infection, bacteraemia, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and skin/soft tissue infection

Carrot,

Carrot

SBANHCA7, SBANHCA9

Crude, Crude

KJ923790, KJ923792

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Opportunistic pathogen; causes respiratory tract infection in patients with cystic fibrosis and whooping cough

Carrot

SBANHCa8

Crude

KJ923791

Bacillus pumilus

Plant growth promoting bacteria; opportunistic pathogen; causes food poisoning and cutaneous infection in human.

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Carrot,

Onion,

Onion,

Onion,

Onion,

Tomato,

Tomato,

Tomato,

Tomato,

Tomato,

Tomato

SBANHCa12, SBANHCA15, SBANHCa15a, SBANHCA17, SBANHCa17a,

SBANHO1, SBANHO4, SBANHO12,

SBANSO81,

SBANHT1, SBANHT16, SBANHT17,

SBANHT21,

SBANST8, SBANST12

10-2,

10-2,

10-2,

10-2,

10-2,

Crude, Crude,

10-4,

Crude,

Crude,

10-2,

10-3,

10-4,

10-2,

10-2

KJ923795, KJ923798, KR152298, KJ923800, KR152300,

KJ923770, KJ923773, KJ923780,

KR259236,

KR186170, KR186180, KR186181,

KR186183,

KR259243, KR259245

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pathogenic; causes infection in immunocompromised individuals; causes endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infections and meningitis

Carrot

SBANHCa1a, SBANHCA14

Crude, 10-2

KR152296, KJ923797

Paenibacillus polymyxa

Plant growth promoting bacteria; biocontrol agent and suppresses plant pathogens

Carrot

SBANHCA16

10-2

KJ923799

Paenibacillus illinoisensis

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; suppresses the activity of pathogens

Carrot

SBANHCa16a

10-2

KR152299

Enterobacter hormaechei

Causes nosocomial infection associated with blood stream infection

Carrot

SBANHCa2a

Crude

KR152301

Staphylococcus sciuri

Animal associated bacteria; causes endocarditis, peritonitis, septic shock, urinary tract infection, endophthalmitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and wound infection

Carrot,

Carrot

SBANHCa7a,

SBANHCa14a

Crude,

10-2

KR152302

Bacillus aerophilus

Bioremediation of imidacloprid, a synthetic insecticide

Carrot

SBANSCa3

Crude

KR186185

Bacillus cereus

Causes food poisoning; vomiting and diarrhoea

Carrot

SBANSCa4

Crude

KR186186

Microbacterium oleivorans

Plant beneficial bacteria; biocontrol agent to reduce mycotoxin in peanuts, grapes and cereals

Carrot

SBANSCa5

Crude

KR186187

Arthrobacter nicotianae

Environmentally beneficial bacteria; biodegradation of agro -chemicals

Carrot

SBANSCa6

Crude

KR186188

Bacillus subtilis

Plant beneficial bacteria; suppresses cucumber Fusarium wilt disease

Carrot

SBANSCa7

Crude

KR186189

Bacillus flexus

Plant endophytic bacteria; present in roots of wheat crop.

Carrot,

Onion,

SBANSCa10,

SBANSO82,

10-2,

Crude,

KR186190,

KR259237,

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila

Promotes plant growth; protects against biotic and abiotic stress; associated with human as a nosocomial pathogen

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber

SBANHCu14a, SBANHCu15,

SBANHCu15a, SBANHCu16, SBANHCu17, SBANHCu17a, SBANHCu23, SBANHCu23a

10-2,

10-2,

10-3

10-3,

10-4,

10-4

10-4,

10-4

KR259223,

KR259224,

KT020946, KR152303, KT020947, KR259225, KT020952, KR152304

Arthrobacter mysorens

Causes erythema with localised skin infection

Cucumber

SBANHCu24

10-4

KR152305

Pseudomonas xanthomarina

Arsenite oxidizing bacteria; helps in biodegradation of petroleum oil

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Cucumber

SBANHCu19, SBANHCu22, SBANHCu25a,

SBANSCu19, SBANSCu22

10-3,

10-4,

10-4,

10-2,

10-4

KT020948, KT020951, KR152306,

KR259226, KR259229

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans

Opportunistic pathogen; causes catheter related bacteraemia with short bowel syndrome in children, peritonitis, endocarditis and joint, ocular and soft-tissue infections

Cucumber

SBANHCu10

Crude

KT020943

Microbacterium schleiferi

Environmentally beneficial bacteria; helps in bioremediation of 1, 3, 5 – TMB (trimethylebenzene)

Cucumber

SBANHCu12

10-2

KT020944

Xanthomonas axonopodis

Plant pathogenic bacteria; causes bacterial pustule disease in soybean

Cucumber

SBANHCu14

10-2

KT020945

Pseudomonas stutzeri

Opportunistic pathogen; causes community acquired pneumonia, meningitis, neonatal septicaemia and knee arthritis in children

Cucumber,

Onion,

Onion,

Onion,

Onion,

Onion,

Tomato

SBANHCu20,

SBANHO3, SBANHO5, SBANHO8, SBANHO13, SBANHO14,

SBANHT4

10-3,

Crude, Crude,

10-2,

10-3,

10-3,

Crude

KT020949,

KJ923772, KJ923774, KJ923777, KJ923781, KJ923782,

KR186171

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Opportunistic pathogen; causes malignancies, cardiac disease, meningitis, urinary tract infections, abscesses, osteomyelitis, corneal ulcers, prosthetic valve endocarditis, peritonitis and pneumonia

Cucumber,

Cucumber

SBANHCu21,

SBANSCu21

10-3,

10-4

KT020950,

KR259228

Arthrobacter protophormiae

Opportunistic pathogen; present in human skin as commensals; widely distributed in pesticide contaminated agricultural fields

Cucumber

SBANHCu24a

10-4

KT020953

Pseudomonas indoloxydans

Useful in biological synthesis of indigo, an important dye-stuff used in textile industries

Cucumber

SBANHCu25

10-4

KT020954

Aeromonas hydrophila

Opportunistic pathogen; causes enteritis, wound infection, septicaemia, pneumonia and conjunctivitis

Cucumber

SBANHCu11

Crude

KU564062

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Persists as contaminant in canned food; used as biological indicator for deactivation of pathogens

Cucumber

SBANSCu4

Crude

KR259230

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Highly pathogenic; most frequently isolated from blood culture

Cucumber

SBANSCu7

Crude

KR259231

Bacillus aerius

Halophilic endophytic bacteria; plant growth promotion, phosphate solubilisation, bioremediation of salt affected soil

Cucumber

SBANSCu8

Crude

KR259232

Bacillus megaterium

Plant beneficial bacteria; helps in nitrogen fixation and promotes plant growth

Cucumber,

Cucumber

SBANSCu9, SBANSCu11

Crude,

10-2

KR259220, KR259233,

Microbacterium arborescens

Rhizosphere bacteria of sand dune plant

Cucumber,

Cucumber,

Onion,

Tomato

SBANSCu10, SBANHCu12a,

SBANSO80,

SBANHT19

Crude,

10-2,

Crude,

10-4

KR259221, KR259222,

KR259235,

KR186182

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Plant beneficial rhizobacteria; causes red skin disease with skin hemorrhage and ulceration

Cucumber

SBANSCu20

10-3

KR259227

Xanthomonas fuscans

Plant pathogenic bacteria; infects rice, banana, citrus, bean, tomato, pepper, sugarcane and wheat

Onion,

Tomato

SBANHO6,

SBANHT7

Crude,

Crude

KJ923775,

KR186172

Listeria monocytogenes

Food borne pathogen; causes bacterial meningitis, multiple cerebral ring enhancing lesions

Onion,

Tomato,

Tomato,

Tomato

SBANHO9,

SBANHT9 SBANHT14, SBANHT15

10-2,

Crude,

10-2,

10-2

KJ923778,

KR186174, KR186178, KR186179

Bacillus anthracis

Obligate pathogen; causes anthrax: inhalation, gastrointestinal and cutaneous

Onion,

Tomato,

Tomato

SBANHO11,

SBANHT10, SBANHT12

10-2,

Crude,

10-2

KJ923779,

KR186175, KR186176

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Opportunistic pathogen; causes cardiovascular, CNS shunts, joints, blood stream infection and nosocomial infection

Onion,

SBANHO15,

10-3,

KJ923783,

Exiguobacterium acetylicum

Plant beneficial bacteria; in human it causes catheter related bacteraemia

Tomato

SBANHT13

10-2

KR186177

Staphylococcus gallinarum

Rare human pathogen; causes abdominal pain, nausea and weakness

Onion,

Tomato

SBANSO90,

SBANHT11

10-3,

10-2

KR259239,

KU564061

Enterococcus faecium

Opportunistic pathogen; causes urinary tract, wound and soft tissue infections, bacteraemia, endocarditis

Onion,

Tomato

SBANSO54,

SBANST3

Crude,

Crude

KR259234,

KR259241

Bacillus aryabhattai

Plant growth promoting bacteria

Onion,

Tomato,

Tomato

SBANSO83,

SBANST7, SBANST11

10-2,

Crude,

10-2

KR259238,

KR259240, KR259244

  1. a References of description are given in discussion section