Fig. 3
Antimicrobial activity of group 1 analogues. Bacteria (105 CFU/ml) were incubated with peptides at various concentrations, ranging from 2 to 128 μg/ml at 37 °C for 2 h. Antimicrobial activity was presented as percent of killing compared to non-AvBD treated control. Antimicrobial activity of analogues against E. coli (a), P. aeruginosa (b), S. Typhimurium (c) and S. aureus (d). Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons using software SPSS version 19.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Asterisk indicates statistically significant difference between the analogues and AvBD-12 at the same concentrations (*p < 0.05). Solid line: average killing percent of 32 μg/ml of wild-type AvBD-12. Dash line: average killing percent of 4 μg/ml of wild-type AvBD-12