Comparative analysis of solar pasteurization versus solar disinfection for the treatment of harvested rainwater

BMC Microbiology

Table 1 Cation and metal ion concentrations of the untreated water samples and the corresponding solar pasteurized water samples collected at various temperatures compared to the recommended drinking water guidelines

Metal	Before 71 °C	After 71 °C	Before 86 °C	After 86 °C	Before 93 °C	After 93 °C	SANS 241	DWAF	AWDG
Al (μg/L)	1.98	99.18	1.36	37.99	1.13	31.70	300	150	200
B (μg/L)	< 0.1	37.77	-	-	-	-	-	-	4000
V (μg/L)	0.07	1.45	0.05	0.62	0.04	0.60	200	1000	-
Mn (μg/L)	4.78	8.60	1.09	9.94	2.16	9.48	100	50	500
Fe (μg/L)	172.92	29.19	78.91	50.07	51.55	26.89	200	100	300
Co (μg/L)	0.05	0.22	0.05	0.24	0.05	0.23	500	-	-
Ni (μg/L)	1.60	30.00	5.21	26.46	0.55	25.59	150	-	20
Cu (μg/L)	2.65	525.42	2.96	549.63	3.94	495.44	1000	1000	2000
Zn (μg/L)	26.45	2529.53	17.37	2086.09	6.70	2003.86	5000	3000	3000
As (μg/L)	0.25	5.63	0.37	1.58	0.49	1.48	10	10	10
Mo (μg/L)	0.02	0.26	0.01	0.15	0.02	0.14	-	-	50
Cd (μg/L)	< 0.05	0.49	0.00	0.77	0.00	0.58	5	5	2
Ba (μg/L)	29.86	86.30	92.97	78.62	88.75	73.53	-	-	2000
Pb (μg/L)	0.59	74.12	<0.006	26.30	<0.006	19.67	20	10	10
Ca (mg/L)	3.05	7.37	4.87	5.42	4.74	5.49	150	32	-
K (mg/L)	0.50	1.60	0.47	0.80	0.50	1.04	50	50	-
Mg (mg/L)	0.31	0.83	0.45	0.57	0.44	0.58	70	30	-
Na (mg/L)	1.61	3.67	2.07	2.70	2.09	2.70	200	100	180
P (mg/L)	0.04	0.08	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	-	-	-
Si (mg/L)	0.31	1.37	0.64	1.77	0.65	1.78	-	-	-

ISSN: 1471-2180