Bacterial genome engineering and synthetic biology: combating pathogens

BMC Microbiology

Table 1 Tools available in pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria for genome modification

Engineering tool	Methodology	Engineered pathogenic strains
Recombineering	Homologous recombination of linear DNA utilizing λ-Red enzymes Gam, Exo and Bet	Salmonella enterica [26] ^a Escherichia coli [23] ^a Pseudomonas aeruginosa [29] ^a Streptomyces coelicolor [28] ^b Shigella dysenteriae [50] ^a
pORTMAGE	Portable Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering (MAGE) Utilizing recombineering	Salmonella enterica [35]^a
Targetrons	Retrohoming of Mobile Group II Introns by reverse splicing and insertion in genome	Clostridium perfringens [38] ^b Vibrio Cholera [78] ^a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis [79] ^a Staphylococcus aureus [80]^b
Phage Engineering CRISPR/Cas9	Delivery of CRISPR genes and RNA guides for sequence specific antimicrobials	Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [55] ^a
Antisense RNA	Post-transcriptional gene silencing	Staphylococcus aureus [81] ^b Streptomyces coelicolor [82] ^b

ISSN: 1471-2180