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Table 3 Pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells following pre-administration of S. salivarius K12 by various methods

From: Investigation of Streptococcus salivarius-mediated inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells

  

Pneumococcal adherencea

  

Direct

Transwell

Direct + wash

Pneumococcal serotype

K12 Dosec

% (95 % CI)

p valueb

% (95 % CI)

p valueb

% (95 % CI)

p valueb

6A

High

16.6 (6.8, 26.5)

<0.001

90.5 (23.9, 157.1)

0.698

25 (12.5, 37.4)

<0.001

Medium

19.6 (14.7, 24.4)

<0.001

61.5 (18.4, 104.5)

0.049

45.2 (21.9, 68.5)

<0.001

Low

35.4 (12.3, 58.5)

<0.001

44.1 (22.8, 65.5)

<0.001

45.1 (29.1, 61.1)

<0.001

19F

High

10.4 (2.5, 18.4)

<0.001

84.7 (33.6, 135.7)

0.338

41.8 (17.6, 66.4)

<0.001

Medium

21.8 (1.7, 41.8)

<0.001

121.3 (16.5, 226.2)

0.581

31.4 (13.2, 49.6)

<0.001

Low

50.7 (33.8, 67.5)

<0.001

102.2 (33.7, 170.5)

0.933

45.3 (16.7, 74.0)

<0.001

  1. aDirect: pre-administration of K12 directly onto D562 monolayer; Transwells: pre-administration of K12 via transwell inserts; Direct + wash: pre-administration of K12 directly onto D562 monolayers followed by a washing step to remove non-adherent K12
  2. b p values calculated from pneumococcal adherence alone compared to pneumococcal adherence following different methods of K12 pre-administration (Student’s t test, *p < 0.05)
  3. cHigh: ~1.5 × 107 CFU/ml; Medium: ~1.5 × 106 CFU/ml and Low: ~1.5 × 105 CFU/ml