Fig. 1
Pneumococcal adherence of serotypes 6A (a) and 19F (b) to pharyngeal epithelial cells following pre-administration of S. salivarius. Approximately 1.4 × 106 CFU pneumococci were added to D562 monolayers at an MOI of 11:1. Pneumococcal adherence was determined when incubated with pneumococci alone (Pnc, normalised to 100 %), or pre-incubated for 1 h with S. salivarius K12 or M18 at high (~1.6 × 107 CFU), medium (~1.6 × 106 CFU), or low (~1.6 × 105 CFU) doses. Data are mean + SD; n ≥ 3. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.001 when compared to Pnc alone (Student’s t-test)