Fig. 2
From: Alpha-1-antitrypsin interacts with gp41 to block HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T lymphocytes
AAT, C and ΔAAT did not directly target on viral DNA integration. a CD4+ T cells were pretreated in the presence or absence of AAT/C/ΔAAT and then infected by HIV-1NL4.3 without removing the reagents. Next, cells were washed to remove unbound viruses and reagents and then incubated for 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, or 30 h in the presence or absence of AAT/C/ΔAAT (the same condition as before infection) to isolate genomic DNA. Viral DNA integration was detected by Alu-PCR. b CD4+ T cells were also infected with HIV-1NL4.3 without AAT/C/ΔAAT pretreatment. Next, cells were incubated in the presence or absence of AAT, C, ΔAAT or HIV-1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir (10−4 g/L). After 0, 5, 11, 17, 23, or 29 h incubation, DNA was extracted from these CD4+ T cells to detect viral DNA integration. Genomic beta-globin was also detected as the endogenous control. Ct: control group without reagent treatment; RAL: raltegravir treatment