Table 3 Analysis of independent risk factors for E. coli resistance to amoxicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin

Sex - Male

124

19.9

1.5 [1.1–2.3]

0.04

1.4 [0.8–2.2]

0.21

1.6 [0.9–2.7]

0.09

 less than 40 years

168

26.9

Ref

Ref

Ref

 40–59 years

141

23.7

0.9 [0.5–1.4]

0.55

1.1 [0.6–2.0]

0.81

2.7 [1.1–6.9]

0.03

 60–69 years

115

21.2

1.1 [0.7–1.8]

0.66

1.9 [1.1–3.4]

0.03

4.5 [1.9–10.9]

<0.01

 70 year and more

176

28.2

1.2 [0.7–1.8]

0.45

1.9 [1.1–3.3]

0.03

4.8 [2.1–11.3]

<0.01

Presence of clinical signs

147

73.5

0.6 [0.4–1]

0.07

0.5 [0.2–0.9]

0.03

0.9 [0.3–3.1]

0.87

1.2 [0.6–2.6]

0.59

Chronic illness

56

26.7

1.1 [0.7–1.9]

0.64

1.1 [0.3–3.7]

0.91

1.4 [0.7–2.7]

0.41

Prior (3 months) UTI

52

24.8

1.8 [1–3.2]

0.04

2.3 [1.1–4.9]

0.02

3.1 [1–10.1]

0.05

5.4 [2.7–11]

<0.01

5.1 [2.5–10.3]

<0.01

Prior (12 months) hospitalization

32

15.2

2.2 [1.2–4.4]

0.02

5.1 [1.6–16.5]

<0.01

1.7 [0.8–3.7]

0.2

Prior (6 months) urinary catheter

14

7

11.6 [2.7–50.6]

<0.01

8.8 [1.9–40.8]

<0.01

10.1 [2.5–40.4]

<0.01

11.1 [2.4–51.6]

<0.01

2.1 [0.7–5.7]

0.16

Prior (6 months) antibiotic exposure

14

21.4

1.4 [0.8–2.4]

0.26

3.8 [1.1–12.9]

0.03

4 [0.9–18.9]

0.07

2.4 [1.2–4.9]

0.02