Fig. 4

P. luminescens load and endosymbiont titers in infected D. melanogaster flies carrying or lacking endosymbionts. P. luminescens pathogenic bacteria (strain TT01) or 1x sterile PBS were injected into D. melanogaster adult flies lacking Wolbachia and Spiroplasma (W-S-), flies carrying both endosymbionts (W + S+), and flies carrying Wolbachia only (W + S-). a Colony Forming Units (CFUs) for P. luminescens, (b) number of cells for Wolbachia, and (c) number of cells for Spiroplasma at 0, 6 and 18 h after infection were determined by quantitative PCR. Data analysis was performed by unpaired two-tailed t-test and significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (*P < 0.05). Bars show the means from three independent experiments and error bars represent standard deviations